Perm University Herald. ECONOMY. 2016
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY.FIRST ISSUE. 2016
TO THE 100THANNIVERSARY OF THE PERM STATE UNIVERSITY
COMPETITIVENESS AND MANAGEMENT OF THE NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ECONOMY’S
DEVELOPMENT: SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS
Elena V. Bazueva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: bazueva.l@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Eugene E. Zhulanov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: zeepstu@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolskyprospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Tatyana V. Karlina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: tkarlina@yandex.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Tatyana Yu. Kovaleva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: kovalevatu@yandex.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Tatyana V. Mirolyubova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Global and Regional
Economy, Economic Theory, Dean of the Faculty of Economics
E-mail: mirolubov@list.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Dmitriy N. Shults, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: shultz@prognoz.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
The paper gives a review of theoretical, methodological and applied conclusions and results obtained by the academic school “Competitiveness and management of socio-economic systems development: synthesis of hierarchical and institutional modeling of socio-economic systems”. The school was founded by Professor Yu.K. Persky. The research conducted by academic economists from Perm is focused on the problems of interlevel analysis of socio-economic systems on the basis of the hierarchical and institutional approaches. The instrumentarium suggested proves that hierarchical and institutional interrelations, being ignored by traditional neoclassical theory, should be thoroughly studied. It also emphasizes the necessity for system research into the problem of competitiveness and management in terms of the economic hierarchy: at nano, mini, micro, meta, meso, macro and mega levels. The key elements that research within the framework of the academic school focuses on are the following: an integral model of hierarchal economy taking into account interlevel interaction and institutional structuring; modeling of direct, reverse, vertical and horizontal interrelations, their typology and evaluation of their influence at different hierarchy levels; improvement of the state economic policy; issues of asymmetric distribution and circulation of information flows and their optimization; the problem of harmonization of economic relations participants’ interests and etc. Special attention is given to regional studies of Perm scientists, devoted to theory, methodology and practical aspects of the regional economy’s development with the aim of improving economic policy of the region. In particular, the results of identification and evaluation of clusters in the region’s economy are given, the urgent necessity of forming an integral model of the territory’s cluster spatial development is justified. Moreover, the article suggests directions of developing a competitive innovative system in the region and shows the opportunities of strategic management processes modeling and implementation of effective international economic activity and development of market infrastructure for regional economy. Thus, the synthesis of hierarchical and institutional analysis made it possible to develop methodical and methodological basis for the research into hierarchically organized national and regional economies, separate enterprises, industrial branches and technological complexes as well as to work out models of markets for goods and resources and to structure and design different institutional systems and socio-economic processes.
Keywords: hierarchical approach, institutional approach, interlevel analysis, institutions, socio-economic systems, competitiveness, management, efficiency, national economy, regional economy, innovations, cluster.
Bazueva E.V., Zhulanov E.E., Karlina T.V., KovalevaT.Yu., Mirolyubova T.V., Shults D.N. Competitiveness and management of the national and regional economy’s development: synthesis of hierarchical and institutional analysis
SECTION I. INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS
MANAGEMENT OF CLUSTER INSTITUTIONS DEVELOPMENT
Eugene V. Popov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Economic Theory
E-mail: evpopov@mail.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 29, Moskovskayast., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
Valeria L. Simonova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher
E-mail: jet-russia@yandex.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 29, Moskovskayast., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
Daria M. Kazakova, Postgraduate Student; Junior Researcher
E-mail: mal-ba@mail.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 29, Moskovskayast., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia;
Institute of Public Administration and Entrepreneurship of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; 51, Leninast., Ekaterinburg, 620083, Russia
Nowadays, the term “cluster” refers to a territory’s competitiveness, innovation and industrial policy, and positive economic effects. In research literature, great attention is paid to the industrial infrastructure of clusters (techno-parks and business incubators). However, cluster development depends not only on technical support, but also on the institutional environment, which has been studied less thoroughly. The paper aims at identifying and evaluating crucial factors that determine the evolution of institutions in interfirm relations characterized by clustering. Fundamental cluster institutions are considered, key parameters and factors underlying functioning of these institutions are examined. A series of hypotheses was proposed about correlations between parameters and factors within each institution to be tested at Ural biopharmaceutical enterprises. The results obtained are presented as interrelations between parameters and factors, which make it possible to determine the most crucial factors for cluster development. Particularly, such factors as reputation, fulfilling of contractual obligations, communication costs, shared activity coordination, shared infrastructure, business meetings and learning processes are recognized as important, while such factors as administrative leverage, geographical proximity, and also human, management and production capacity appear to be irrelevant to interfirm relations in the cluster.
Keywords: cluster, institutions, institutional environment, factors for cluster development.
SECTION II. REGIONAL ECONOMY
ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITIVE ENVIRONMENT IN THE REGION’S ECONOMY
Ivan A. Vokhmyanin, graduate student
E-mail: vokhmyanin35ivan@rambler.ru
Institute of Socio-Economic Development of territories of Russian academy of sciences; 56a, Gor’kogost., Vologda, 160014, Russia
An effective state policy on development of competition in a region’s economy must be based on scientific research analyzing conditions of market competitive environment. The lack of a universal technique for assessing competitive environment in regional economy is a significant shortcoming of both scientific research in the field and the policy pursued in the sphere of competitive relations management. At the same time, when monitoring market competitive conditions, antimonopoly authorities of the Russian Federation use two indicators of market share calculation – concentration ratio (CR-N) and Herfindahl – Hirschman index. The purpose of this article is to assess competitive relations in the region's economy. The approach is based on the application of the coefficient CR-N. In contrast to the formula for CR-N calculation, where shares of the largest companies are used, we calculated the coefficient reflecting the concentration of small businesses. The number of organizations and product sales revenue were chosen as physical and cost indexes. The novelty of the offered approach consists in a new understanding of the competitive environment development process, resulting in increase of the market share of small enterprises but not in decrease of large enterprises concentration. Approbation of the offered approach was carried out through the example of the Vologda region. The assessment was performed for different branches of economy. While assessing the physical indicator, it was revealed that in 2013the most developed competitive environment was in retail trade, in hotel and restaurant industry, in textile and sewing production. According to the cost index calculation, the most competitive relations were recorded in leather and footwear production, rubber and plastic products manufacturing, in hotel and restaurant industry, etc. The conclusion to be drawn is that the assessment conducted can be put into practice and there is a necessity for working out a diagnostic technique to analyze the level of competitive environment development in the region’s economy on the basis of highly informative and objective indicators.
Keywords: competitive environment, region’s economy, Vologda region, concentration ratio, branch of economy, assessment technique.
ON THE QUESTION OF REGIONS’ INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS RATINGS
Ivan N. Vilkov, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: ivanvilkov@list.ru
University of Tyumen; 10, Semakovast., Tyumen, 625003, Russia
Under the conditions of reduction of economic growth, there is an increase in interregional competition for investors, who are becoming more and more selective in choosing the directions of their investments. Specialized ratings are one of the main sources of data on regions’ investment potential. Up to the present, there has been almost no research showing the connection between the positions of regions in ratings, economic growth rates, and investment activeness level, as well as research identifying advantages and disadvantages of each rating. Therefore, for regional authorities it is not clear whether or not it is necessary to increase positions in each of the ratings and run relevant activities for investment climate improvement. The article analyzes the interrelation of regions’ positions in ratings of investment attractiveness, growth rates of economies and investment activity in the regions under study. The following ratings were chosen for this purpose: the National rating of investment climate in regions of the Russian Federation of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives, the Rating of investment attractiveness of regions of the Russian Federation of the National Rating Agency, the Rating of investment attractiveness of Russia’s regions of “Expert RA” rating agency. The authors come to conclusion that it is expedient to use the National rating of investment climate in regions of the Russian Federation of the Agency for Strategic Initiatives as an indicator of investment attractiveness of regions. The article reveals the relationship between high rating positions of regions, volume of investment per capita, and rates of economic growth. On the other hand, the rating does not allow us to explain the possibility of dynamic economic growth and high level of investments per capita in a number of regions with poor ratings. In the rating of the National Rating Agency, regions are referred to this or that group mostly basing on the level of their economic development. At the other end of the scale, regions with high level of economic development not always have higher attractiveness for investors, for example, because of higher labor and rental costs. Thus, it is established that there is no interrelation between a region’s belonging to this or that group in the rating and its rates of economic growth. The results of the conducted research confirm adequacy of the rating of “Expert RA” to the purposes of determining a region’s investment attractiveness. In general, higher investment activity and rates of economic growth were revealed in the groups possessing high investment potential and rather low level of investment risk. The main shortcomings of the rating are underestimation of regions’ resource capacity influence on their appeal to investors, and also too obvious dependence between a region’s investment potential and the size of its economy.
Keywords: investment attractiveness of regions, rating of investment attractiveness of regions, investment climate of regions.
IDENTIFICATION OF DEPRESSED AREAS AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT MODELING: RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Aleksandr V. Lapin, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Galina V. Kutergina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
This paper suggests some approaches to identification, modeling and monitoring of depressed areas in Russia and other countries. It contains a survey of programs (strategies) and economic-mathematical modeling experience for socio-economic development of depressed areas. We have identified several most applicable economic-mathematical modelling methods, such as: analytic hierarchy process for choosing strategic alternatives of overcoming depressed development in regions; regression analysis for regional depression factors identification, GRP-modeling, and testing beta-convergence hypothesis; cluster analysis for depressed regions identification; production function component analysis for modeling capital investments into the industry; principal component analysis for complex assessment of regional development, and others. In foreign publications we could distinguish Mahalanobis metric matching; input-output model (IMPLAN); ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models; multiple regression models; 3-equation simultaneous equation model; two-stage least squares (2SLS) regressions; discriminant analysis of factors, and others. As a result of the study, some recommendations on application of international experience in managing depressed territories are given for Russia.
Keywords: depressed areas, distressed areas, regional development, economic-mathematical modeling for regional development, region, regional governance, infrastructure development, socio-economic development strategy
EVALUATION OF INFORMATION ASYMMETRY INFLUENCE ON THE GROSS REGIONAL PRODUCT
(A CASE STUDY OF THE PERM REGION’S LABOR MARKET )
Irina N. Yakupova, Postgraduate Student, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: yakupova-in@mail.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
At the moment the regional labor market exists under the conditions of information asymmetry, which means that the participants of the market do not have complete and accurate information when they make their decisions. This situation reduces the efficiency of the market on the whole. In this article the author investigates the influence of information asymmetry in the regional labor market on the region's economic development, particularly on the gross regional product (GRP). For this purpose, the author examines the existing experience of the information asymmetry analysis in the labor market. Quantitative assessment of the information asymmetry effects on regional economy is important for finding ways to reduce them with the help of a competent regional policy in the sphere of labor and employment. The author proposes a method of estimating the GRP losses caused by the unequal distribution of information between employers and applicants. The article contains quantitative assessment of real and nominal GRP losses in the Perm region. The figures are obtained on the basis of statistical data on GRP, real capital stock and the number of employed people with higher education and without it in the Perm region during the period from 1999 to 2013. The GRP losses from the information asymmetry in the Perm region labor market fluctuate between 4.2% and 6.6% of GRP. The methods of statistical analysis, econometric modeling, and the desk research method have been used in the study.
Keywords:regional economy, regional labor market, information asymmetry, gross regional product (GRP), GRP losses.
ON THE QUESTION OF INFLUENCE OF THE REGIONAL BANKING SECTOR ON THE LEVEL
OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF RUSSIA’S REGIONS
Veronika A. Fedoseyeva, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: fedver@yandex.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Study of factors and mechanisms of providing economic security for regions of the Russian Federation is a task of vital importance nowadays. This issue requires further profound consideration since not enough attention is paid to it in Russian scientific literature. Scientists recognize that regional banks are an important factor for ensuring sustainable economic development of regions. However, in Russia there are no empirical researches confirming this hypothesis. The author of the article considers theoretical questions of regional banks’ influence on economic security of regions. Furthermore, the author analyzes empirical data of statistical surveys allowing for establishing the nature of this influence. In the paper, a method of the mathematical correlation analysis was used. The article belongs to inter-subject domain of studies. The difficulty is that in Russian science concepts of "economic security of regions" and "regional banks" are not clearly defined. The author proposes her own definitions of "economic security of regions" and "financial safety of regions" and also examines theoretical aspects of influence of regional banking sector on financial and economic security of regions. For empirical research, the author used a method of the aggregated indicators. Taking into account the linear nature of interaction, the author raises a problem of strengthening of uneven social and economic development of regions (subjects) of the Russian Federation. In regions with a poorly-developed regional banking sector the level of economic security will probably decrease in the future.
Keywords: national security; economic security; financial safety; regional banks; banking sector; regional economy; economic development
SECTION III.ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, ORGANIZATIONS, BRANCHES, COMPLEXES
DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES BY INCREASING CAPITALIZATION OF GOODWILL
Mihail N.Dudin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher of Laboratory “Strategic Management of Development of the National Economy”
E-mail: dudinmn@mail.ru
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; 82, Vernadskyprospekt, Moscow, 119571, Russia
Robert M. Nizhegorodtsev, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of laboratory 67
E-mail: bell44@rambler.ru
V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 65 Profsoyuznayast., Moscow, 117997, Russia
Vladimir D. Sekerin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Economics and Organization of Production
E-mail:bcintermarket@yandex.ru
Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering; BolshayaSemenovskayast., 38, Moscow, 107023, Russia
In the context of the economy’s transformation from its industrial to post-industrial form, the role of intellectual capital is getting more important, which is reflected in a significant difference between the market value and book value of capital of business entities. Therefore, study of such a specific economic category as goodwill is of great current interest. The article is aimed at studying directions for development of business entities by increasing capitalization of goodwill. The methodical framework of the article is based on contrastive and morphological methods of analysis. The nature and the content of economic categories "goodwill" and "capitalization" have been analyzed, the relationship between goodwill and intellectual capital of business entities have been defined. It has been found that the most significant components of goodwill are such factors as business relations, brand prestige, quality of management and management technologies, business reputation of entities. In today’s economy a significant part of a company’s market value is created due to the efficient use of intellectual capital. Financing of innovative projects and support for effective marketing policy require significant investments into intangible assets. Thus, internally generated goodwill becomes the dominant factor, basic for the company’s market valueand its capitalization. Practical application of the results of this work will make it possible to foster business entities’ focusing on innovative and intellectual activity, which will help companies to achieve greater competitiveness in the post-industrial market.
Keywords: post-industrial economy, intangible assets, goodwill, capitalization of goodwill, business entity, strategic development
AN EFFECTIVE MODEL OF THE CRISIS-PROOF MANAGEMENT MECHANISM AT AN INDUSTRIAL
ENTERPRISE
Alexandr N. Pytkin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of Perm Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences
E-mail: pfie@mail.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm Branch);13, Leninast., Perm, 614000, Russia
Kseniya V. Kondrateva, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: shmakova_ksenia@mail.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm Branch);13, Leninast., Perm, 614000, Russia
New economic conditions determine a new round of debate on the modern and effective economic-organizing mechanism of crisis-proof management. Sanctions imposed against Russia and difficult economic situation in the country require a new approach to management. The aim of the article is to show a conceptual approach to the improvement of the economic-organizing mechanism for crisis-proof management at an enterprise and to work out a model of such mechanism complying with the created concept. Having analyzed the activity of an enterprise (JSC “LPEC”) and the efficiency of the existing mechanism of crisis-proof management, the authors identify key measures to improve this mechanism. In addition, basing on the results of this research, the authors suggest a process model of the crisis-proof management mechanism. It contains new features, such as evaluation of the resource potential, adjustment of the organizational structure, controlling, efficiency evaluation and adjustment of the existing mechanism of crisis-proof management. The structure of this model includes a number of considerable management subsystems: management of innovations, management of logistical support, sales management, management of after-sales service. Such structure of the model allows for adapting the crisis-proof management mechanism to the dynamic environment, which improves efficiency of the management system at an enterprise, its financial and economic activity. The application of the process model presented in the article gives an opportunity to monitor adverse trends in the activity of enterprises, to make crisis more manageable and to use crisis factors for an enterprise’s qualitative development. In the period under study, net profit and profitability of the enterprise under analysis rose more than three times, which resulted both from the introduction of the process model of the economic-organizing mechanism for crisis-proof management and from the competent and reasonable policy of the enterprise’s management.
Keywords: crisis-proof management, industrial enterprise, economic-organizing mechanism of crisis-proof management, concept of crisis-proof management, crisis factors.
SYSTEMATIZATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY FACTORS AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
Vladimir A. Koksharov, Candidate of EconomicSciences, Associate Professor
E-mail:Vakoksharov@mail.ru
Ural State University of Railway Transport; 66, Kolmogorovast., Ekaterinburg, 620034, Russia
Management of energy consumption at an industrial enterprise in market economy requires a fundamentally new mechanism to improve energy efficiency, which provides the necessity for modern systematization of business energy efficiency factors. The existing systematization reflects a fragmented approach to the problem and appears to be one of the reasons for the high energy intensity of production, and hence for the low efficiency of economic activities of enterprises. The purpose of this research is to systematize and analyze the interrelations among enterprises’ efficiency factors for determining the co-respective indicators necessary while elaborating and implementing energy- and fuel-saving programs in the future. The novelty of the research results lies in the fact that a matrix of interrelations among energy efficiency factors is formed on the basis of a systematic approach to industrial production engineering, which will make it possible to construct correlation and regression models in order to forecast energy consumption at enterprises. This is important for determining interaction among the factors considered, as well as between the factors and the external dynamic market environment, which, in its turn, allows for identifying key energy efficiency factors at a given time interval and for determining a cause-and-effect relationship between energy efficiency and performance of the enterprise. The unity of production engineering fundamental principles enabled us to identify energy efficiency factors in such key areas of enterprises’ activities as economic, industrial, institutional, social, environmental and legal. A characteristic feature of the systematization of energy efficiency factors is that they are considered in relation to factors specific to market economy: supply and demand for products and energy resources, access to market of resources and new technologies.
Keywords: systematization offactors,unity of production engineering fundamentals, energy conservation, energy efficiency, company’s area of activity, energy efficiency factors, interrelation of factors.
ANALYSIS OF GREENING INDICATORS AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES OF THE PERM REGION
Larisa V. Rudakova, Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Head of the Department of Environmental Protection
E-mail: larisa@eco.pstu.ac.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolskyprospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Valeriy V. Lepikhin, Assistant, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: v-pstu@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolskyprospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Kirill V. Lepikhin, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: pem.kirill@gmail.com
Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University; 24, Sibirskayast., Perm,
614990, Russia
The article considers the essence of greening and analyzes the indicators characterizing the processes of greening at industrial enterprises of the Perm region. The dynamics of indicators reducing environmental performance of enterprises, such as pollutant emissions from extracting and processing enterprises, production and consumption wastes, use of electricity is studied. The indicators characterizing waste neutralization, utilization and disposal were chosen as those responsible for increasing environmental sustainability. A model of the dynamics of greening processes at manufacturing enterprises of the Perm region, determining the vector for environmental sustainability development, is proposed. This model also allows us to distinguish groups of economic activities having similar problems in the sphere of environmental performance. The Pareto method was used to select the parameters that have the greatest influence on the processes of greening. The study was conducted basing on the data of extractive and manufacturing enterprises of the Perm region for the period from 2007 to 2012. The analysis reveals that greening processes do take place at industrial enterprises, but they develop very slowly. It also shows the important role of environmental indicators as a primary means of environmental assessment, environmental reporting, and environmental policy improvement. In connection with the ecological crisis in the Russian Federation, analysis of greening processes at different levels of the economy is important for modern management science. It is concluded that activity of industrial enterprises of the Perm region is characterized by certain positive trends in terms of environmental protection, however, greening processes are developing very slowly.
Keywords: greening, sustainable development, industrial complex, environmental subsystem at an enterprise, waste disposal, recycling, waste management, energy use, positive and negative indicators of environmental sustainability, absolute and relative performance, dynamics model.
QUALIFYING EXAMINATION FOR DIRECTORS OF HOUSING MANAGEMENT COMPANIES AS A WAY TO MINIMIZE RISKS IN THE HOUSING AND UTILITIES SECTOR
Yuliya D.Subbotina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: ydsubbotina@mail.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Ekaterina D. Litvinova, Director
E-mail:Lik_perm@mail.ru
Center of business cooperation fororganizations of social sphere «LIK», 48, Mayakovskogost., Perm, 614058, Russia
The article considers the housing and utilities sector and its problems. The Federal Law № 255-FZ of July 21, 2014, which entered into force on September 1, 2014, provides for licensing of multi-apartment buildings management. In accordance with the provisions of the law, companies carrying out management of multi-apartment buildings are obliged to obtain a license until May 1, 2015. According to the hypothesis underlying the research conducted, there is relationship between the quality of directors’ knowledge and the number of violations of the law having been recorded. Guided by the hypothesis, the authors set a goal to reveal the power of the alleged relationship. An empirical method in the form of testing and calculating the correlation coefficient was chosen as a method of the research. The study involved ten directors of housing management companies of the Perm region. They underwent qualification testing twice. Then the results were compared with the number of violations. As a result, the coefficient was calculated, which revealed an inverse relationship between the compared variables. The obtained results showed to what extent the level of professional knowledge is important for directors in their work and also identified the weaknesses that can adversely affect the quality of services provided to consumers. The results can be useful for public authorities to study the licensing issues and ensure adequate conditions for the effective functioning of housing management companies.
Keywords: housing and utilities sector, housing management company, qualifying examination, licensing, factors contributing tothe development ofshadoweffects.
SECTION IV.CURRENT ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND ECONOMIC ANALISYS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM IN FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING
OUTSOURCING
Alina V. Posokhina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: PosohinaPerm@mail.psu.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Ksenia V. Nikiforova, Master’s Student
E-mail: kcenikiforova90@mail.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Popularity of outsourcing among Russian enterprises can be explained by several reasons. Firstly, the process is fairly well-developed in Western companies. Secondly, many domestic firms pay attention to increasing efficiency of their activities, improving quality and cost optimization. Transition of modern Russian companies to outsourcing is determined by the opportunity to develop business concentrating maximum efforts on the core activities, which is especially important in the context of increased competition and market instability. Outsourcing may be represented by different classifications. This article discusses finance and accounting outsourcing. Widespread use of this type of outsourcing is associated with a number of advantages which it provides business with. However, there are certain risks, as well as a time lag between receiving the service and evaluation of its quality. Having analyzed the problems arising while evaluating whether it is reasonable to use and develop outsourcing, as well as advantages and risks of outsourcing, the authors came to the conclusion that one of the risks – namely, the risk of losing control by the customer – is understudied in Russia. The procedure of analyzing the risk of losing control on the part of the customer must be designed and adjusted for accounting both company’s “own” facts of economic life and operations provided within the process of outsourcing. The latter should take into account the internal control system of the customer. We believe that the internal control system of an outsourcing company should be complex. It should combine the internal control system required by the legislation on accounting and the internal control system of the auditing type. The article presents a variant of such a combined control system. On the basis of the author's proposals, exploratory analysis of the internal control system at one of Perm outsourcing companies was conducted. It is concluded that the internal control system of Russian outsourcing companies is only being set. We believe that the proposed variant of the combined internal control system will help to develop finance and accounting outsourcing, create and improve the internal control system, reduce the risk of losing control by the customer, and give auditors understanding of the level of internal control in service organizations.
Keywords: outsourcing, finance and accounting outsourcing, internal control system, risk of losing control by the customer, combined system of internal control over an outsourcing company.
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING IN TRADE: THE PROCESS-ORIENTED APPROACH
Elmira K. Salakhova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: elm-salahova@mail.ru
Astrakhan State Technical University; 16, Tatishchevast., Astrakhan, 416056, Russia
The expansion of big business, increased competition, sophistication of market mechanisms and production technologies have led to increase in the quality requirements for internal and external information necessary for managerial decision-making. In management accounting, use of the process-oriented approach is considered to be an efficient management instrument aimed at implementation of business strategic and current goals. Elaboration of the author’s interpretation of the “process-oriented approach” and its application in management accounting of trade organizations are the objectives of the research presented in this article. The process-oriented approach implies systematic control over the processes identified within the activities of an organization and interacting with each other; the essence of this approach consists in the orientation towards the final results of business processes (BP), evaluated by external and internal users. The basis of the process-oriented approach is a BP as the main object of management accounting, which can also apply elements of budgeting, balanced scorecard (BSC), ABC-method, etc. In management accounting of trade organizations the process-oriented approach allows us to identify conditions and specific characteristics of the set of processes connected with the promotion of goods from producers to final consumers, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of a BP data with the help of key performance indicators. Thus, in the activity of trade organizations there are three main, one subsidiary and several managerial BP. Budget and a report on its execution are developed for each BP. Besides, in order to ensure an appropriate level of relevance of BP indicators, appropriate grouping and consolidation of the information on the results and expenses on implementation of each trading BP are required. Application of the process-oriented approach of management accounting provides predictability of the dynamics of distribution costs in the current and long-term periods, reduces the amount of costs deviations in a trade organization from the planned indicators.
Keywords:process-oriented approach, management, business process, budget, score screen.
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY. SECOND ISSUE. 2016
TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PERM STATE UNIVERSITY
PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING, ANALYSIS AND CONTROL IN MANAGING AN ENTERPRISE’S PRODUCTION AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC PROCESSES GLOBALIZATION
Tatyana G. Sheshukova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: sheshukova@psu.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
In Russia there has always been a very effective system of schools of thought, playing an important role in social development. They produce, propagate, defend scientific ideas and train young scientists at the same time. To review theoretical and practical results achieved by the school of thought at the Department of Accounting, Auditing and Economic Analysis. The review covers the period of 2005–2015. Attention is focused on the analytical problems of theory and practice in business management, registration aspects of managing production and financial resources, problems of theory and methods in the development of auditing and control. The research is aimed at: formulating theoretical provisions and practical recommendations for fiscal and management accounting development; functional and analytical representation and generalization of theoretical foundations for the system of auditing activity regulation as well as analysis of directions for its further development; improving methods of economic potential analysis on the basis of the component approach to its integral assessment; constructing theoretical and methodological bases to bring the Russian financial statements in accordance with the international standards. The researches are based on the economic theory provisions, fundamental concepts of philosophy, social hypotheses. The system complex approaches, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, economic-mathematical modeling and programming, statistic methods and methods of sociological researches were applied. The school of thought has developed theoretical and methodical provisions to use and develop the fiscal accounting mechanism and the system of management accounting taking into consideration organizational and economic characteristics of enterprises and organizations operating in the fields of oil products supply, electrical engineering and agriculture; bases for the analysis of an economic entity’s economic potential; bases for structural transformation of the main forms of financial statements according to the international standards; a model of the quality- oriented system of auditing activity regulation. Conclusions on theory and methods specify and develop the existing concepts of accounting, analysis and control. The research results can be applied in many spheres, they have been presented at conferences and introduced into the training process.
Keywords: school of thought, strategic analysis, assessment of economic potential, fiscal and management accounting, tax accounting and control, International Financial Reporting Standards, forensic accounting, commercial calculation, auditing, control.
Sheshukova T.G. Problems of accounting, analysis and control in managing an
enterprise’s production and financial resources in the context of economic processes globalization
SECTION I. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
THE METHODOLOGY OF CREATING A COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR MASS APPRAISAL OF REAL ESTATE (A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY OF PERM)
Leonid N. Yasnitsky, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor
E-mail: yasn@psu.ru
National Research University "Higher school of Economics38, Studencheskaya st., Perm, 614070, Russian Federation
Vitaly L. Yasnitsky, Financial Director
E-mail: yasnitskiy@mail.ru
OOO «VMV»; 26, R. Luksemburg st., Ekaterinburg, 620075, Russian Federation
Currently, there are a number of economic and mathematical models designed for mass appraisal of real estate, tailored to their construction and performance properties, but taking no account of the evolving macroeconomic situation in the country and the world. The disadvantage of such static models is their rapid obsolescence, the need for constant updating, and unsuitability for medium-term forecasting. On the other hand, there are dynamic models that take into account the current macroeconomic situation; however, they are intended for predicting and studying the overall price situation in the real estate market, but not for mass appraisal of real estate with their variety of construction and performance properties. In this regard, the aim of this research is to develop methods of creating complex models having the properties of the static and dynamic models mentioned, i.e., taking into account construction and performance properties, as well as changing macroeconomic situation in the country and in the world. Methods and models are developed with the use of neural network technology basing on the example of the residential real estate in Perm and on statistical information of the market over the period from 2005 to 2015. In addition to its primary purpose – mass appraisal of apartments, the model is suitable for medium-term forecasting and identification of the real estate market regularities. For example, it has been found out that the price of Perm apartments as a whole tends to increase due to the rise of the oil prices, but the dependence of the cost of apartments on the price of oil is stable and direct only when the latter exceeds $ 60 – 80 per barrel. In case the volume of mortgage lending rises, the price of apartments in Perm will increase. However, the growth rate of the cost of elite four-room apartments will begin to slow down, with an increase in mortgage lending volumes above 2400 – 2700 million rubles, whereas this effect will not be apparent for cheap one- and two-bedroom apartments. Further housing construction in Perm to 1,400 sq m in the short term will not cause a noticeable change in residential property prices in Perm, which suggests that the market is still far from saturation.
Keywords: regional real estate market, mass appraisal, macroeconomic indicators, cost estimation, forecasting, neural network.
SECTION II. REGIONAL ECONOMY
ONTOLOGY OF STUDYING REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Natalia P. Pazdnikova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
Е-mail: pazdnikovan@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
In the article some ontological issues of studying regional socio-economic systems are considered. The main idea is to show the process of research management and also possible components of a region’s socio-economic systems that reveal the essence of these systems under the conditions of transformational processes to the fullest extent possible. On the basis of the research conducted into the existing scientific approaches of Russian and foreign scientists to comprehending the essence of the region, a refined concept of the “region” is offered. In the author's interpretation, a special emphasis is placed on the identification of the concepts "region" and "regional system" as both of them belong to the category of organic spontaneous systems and pursue the same aim. The article offers an algorithm of studying regional socio-economic systems, as well as a typology of the existing views of Russian and foreign researchers within functional, structural, and casual concepts of research. Taking into account the typology proposed, the main functions, the dominating processes taking place in socio-economic systems, and the structure of these systems are presented. The dominating processes include metabolism, humanization, reproduction, evolution, harmonization, and replication. In this regard, the author has suggested a following hypothesis: the more efficiently each system is provided with resources, the higher the synergetic effect of the whole socio-economic system will be. According to the author’s conclusions, studying regional socio-economic systems demands optimum research management at its various stages, as well as application of new fundamental methods allowing for considering socio-economic systems as spontaneous systems that in the course of their development consecutively pass stages of functional complication, which should be taken into account by territorial authorities.
Keywords: region, regional system, socio-economic system, research, ontology, structuredness, accidentiality, functionality.
COMBINATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC APPROACHES TO ASSESSING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Elena A. Tretyakova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: e.a.t.pstu@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky prospekt, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
Maria Yu. Osipova, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: osipova.mu@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky prospekt, 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
The concept of sustainable development of socio-economic systems is being actively developed by the world community. However, its basic provisions require shifting research priorities from the global level to the national and regional ones in order to provide greater management efficiency. The article considers theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment of sustainable development of socio-economic systems. Sustainable development is seen as a dynamic process of positive changes, which manifest themselves in technological development aimed at harmonizing the relationships between economic, environmental and social spheres to meet the need of the socio-economic system for the long-term existence. According to the author, it is necessary to use static and dynamic approaches when evaluating regional development. The static approach allows for assessing the level of the regional socio-economic system development at any specific time. The dynamic approach provides an opportunity to assess how balanced the dynamics of tempo characteristics of indicators is, both within the social, economic and environmental components of sustainable development and between those components during a certain time period. The procedure proposed by the author to assess sustainable development of regional socio-economic systems implies a particular sequence of assessment stages. Implementation of the static approach is based on application of the method of interregional comparisons. This method implies a comparative analysis of values for sustainable development key indicators with regard to the economic, social and environmental components, standardization of the indicators according to their best values, and calculation of group and integral indices to characterize the level of the region’s sustainable development. Implementation of the dynamic approach is based on application of the method of dynamic standards, which implies certain ordering of tempo characteristics. Implementation of the principles of balance, dynamic comparability and subordination is reflected in the construction of graphs for the dynamic ordering of indicators. Using the graphs, it is possible to make a comparison of the dynamics of tempo characteristics for indicators incompatible with each other, to implement the principle of complexity in the assessment of regional socio-economic systems sustainable development in terms of adherence to so- cial, economic and environmental priorities.
Keywords: sustainable development of socio-economic systems of different levels, assessment of sustainable development, methods for assessing sustainable development, static approach, dynamic approach.
SUBSTANTIATION OF PREREQUISITES FOR THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE CLUSTERS IN A REGIONAL ECONOMY: A REVIEW OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Elena V. Bazueva, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: bazueva.l@mail.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Ekaterina D. Oborina, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: oborinakat@yandex.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Tatyana Yu. Kovaleva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: kovalevatu@yandex.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Territorial clusters are regarded in the article as effective instruments for achieving sustainable economic growth of a regional economy. Their successful development is a decisive condition for the formation of a new economic model based on the priority of innovative renewal of production. In this regard, the formation of hi-tech clusters should become the main direction in the strategic management of territorial development implemented by public authorities of territorial subjects of the Russian Federation. However, as practice shows, the availability of the resource base and its production facilities, market infrastructure and qualified personnel in the region are not sufficient for clusters successful functioning. Thus, the investigation of the best practices of cluster formation in Russia and abroad with the aim of supporting the development of highly efficient cluster structures appears to be a currently important area of research. The authors describe examples of hi-tech clusters development in aerospace, oil and gas, chemical, pharmaceutical industries. Forming clusters, enterprises of these industries win new markets, including global ones. The scientific nov- elty of the research is comprised of its results concerning the prerequisites and the decisive criterion of the territory’s clustered spatial development effectiveness. The criterion is to establish an integrated system of intracluster interaction of participants belonging to different levels (tiers) of the cluster. The theoretical significance of the research results from the systematization of organizational and economic characteristics of territorial innovative clusters of Russia and foreign countries, which allowed for defining the main conditions for the effective clusters formation. Practical value consists in the possibility to apply findings and results obtained during the research to develop management mechanism for the creation of clusters and curation of cluster initiatives in the region's economy.
Keywords: regional clusters, efficiency, prerequisites for the development of clusters, interaction between participants in clusters, participants, region, innovative economy, cluster policy.
INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX OF RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Natalia G. Ostroukhova, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: ostroukhova86@yandex.ru
Samara State Technical University, Syzran Branch;
45, Sovetskaya st., Syzran, 446000, Russian Federation
Russia’s fuel and energy complex is the basis for the national economy. On the one hand, it provides energy and power resources for all kinds of economic activities and non-material sphere, on the other hand, it forms most of the budget revenues due to the export of energy resources. The safety factor, underlying the complex during the period of its formation (the first three decades of the Soviet Union), acted as a shock absorber of economic reforms in the 1990s. Uncompensated consumption over the past 50-60 years has cur- rently led to a number of technical and economic problems, significantly reducing the efficiency of power plants. Under the current economic conditions, taking into account the economic cycle stage, it is possible to solve these problems with the help of innovation. The article contains a review of the prerequisites of inno- vation activity in the fuel and energy complex of Russia. Analysis of innovative development programs at the largest energy companies allowed us to define the priorities. The author of the paper describes the level of innovative development of energy enterprises, indicating the reasons for its being relatively low. Based on technical and economic characteristics of products and production processes of energy companies, specific features of the organization and implementation of innovation in energy companies are determined. Studying the experience of implementing innovative ideas in the Russian energy sector helped to formulate the factors hindering success in this direction. In order to reduce the negative impact of the factors identified and to effectively implement innovative activities in the Russian fuel and energy complex, it is necessary to carry out a series of reforms both at the level of industries and at single enterprises.
Keywords: innovative activity, fuel and energy complex, innovative infrastructure, factors of innovation, performance indicators, innovative development of enterprises.
FACTORS OF THE REGION’S INVESTMENT CLIMATE FORMATION UNDER MODERN SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS
Andrey V. Meshkov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: andrew_mesh@rambler.ru
Donetsk National Technical University;
58, Artema st., Donetsk, Ukraine
Irina A. Bondaryeva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: bondareva.donntu@gmail.com
Donetsk National Technical University;
58, Artema st., Donetsk, Ukraine
Oleksii S. Kvilinskyi, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Corresponding Member of the Academy of Economic Sciences of Ukraine, Assistant
E-mail: kvilinskey@yandex.ru
Poznan University of Economics and Business;
10, Niepodleglosci st., Poznan, 61–875, Poland
The article considers the main factors influencing formation of the investment climate in territories with currently unstable socio-economic and political environment through the example of the Donetsk region. Among a wide range of characteristics that reflect the state of territories’ investment climate, the authors have distinguished and analyzed three major groups, which are the state of the political and legal environment, the level of economic development of the society, and the specifics of the socio-cultural environment. The most significant characteristics of the investment climate are identified. These include, first, such political and legal factors as the territory’s political stability and development of regulatory framework; second, economic factors that characterize the development of the investment infrastructure, the intensity of implementing innovations, the stability of the national currency, the transparency of the tax system, the ma- turity of the financial market in the variety of its forms; third, social factors reflecting the military risks and demographic (human resource) trends. Also, the article discusses influence of the following factors on the investment climate of crisis territories: reasonableness and sustainability of the concepts of the territory’s development; principles of the national budget formation; capacity and solvency of the internal market; availability of raw materials; level of the integrated logistics infrastructure formation; inflation rate; dynamics of growth of the gross domestic product, volume of capital investments, production output, logistics costs in supply chains; development of education and medicine; criminal and environmental risks; level of unemployment and informal employment; social hierarchy and relationships in the society; quality and availability of social infrastructure. Recommendations are made on how to overcome the crisis situation and gradually regenerate and improve investment climate in the Donetsk region. This implies going through three major stages: achievement of peace, optimization of labor resources quality, attraction and effective use of financial resources from various sources.
Keywords: investment climate, Donetsk region, political and legal environment, economic develop- ment of society, socio-cultural factors.
LIGHT INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERM REGION UNDER THE MODERN CONDITIONS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
Dmitry G. Krasilnikov, Doctor of Political Sciences, Vice Rector for Strategic Development,
Economics and Legal Issues, Professor
E-mail: d_krasilnikov@psu.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Anna A. Urasova, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: annaalexandrowna@mail.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The article considers the problem of light industry development in the Perm region under the condi- tions of Russia’s membership in the WTO and economic sanctions being imposed. The authors’ aim was to reveal the features of the light industry development at the regional level under current conditions and to elaborate the principles of the regional policy concerning light industry branches based on the results of assessing competitiveness of the regional light industry market. Methodologically, the research is based on the branch analysis of the region’s light industry and also on the comparative analysis performed to assess competitiveness of light industry in subjects of the Volga Federal District. Detailed evaluation of the WTO factor and economic sanctions influence on the development of light industry in the Perm region is provided. Possible risks and ways of their minimization are designated. Comparative analysis of the development of light industry in sub- jects of Volga Federal District under the influence of the factors designated is performed. Following that the principles of the regional industrial policy were formulated, those allowing the region to retain market pricing in light industry branches, to provide investment appeal and create background for its increase, to optimize risks of anticompetitive practices, and also to minimize negative influence of economic sanctions. The results obtained by the authors can be used by the region’s executive authorities, both for adjusting the existing pro- grams of socio-economic, industrial and branch development and when developing new ones. Furthermore, the conclusions drawn could serve as a basis for shaping the regional industrial strategy.
Keywords: light industry, textile and clothing industry, economic sanctions, WTO factor, influence assessment, region, industrial policy, competitiveness.
PLANS FOR PUBLIC PROPERTY PRIVATIZATION IN PERM KRAI: ECONOMIC EVALUATION
Evgeniy V. Rozhkov, Specialist
E-mail: 0100@pfr.perm.ru
Pension Fund of the Russian Federation (state institution), Perm Krai branch; 78, bulvar Gagarina, Perm, 614077, Russian Federation
In the article an attempt has been made to explain inefficiency of privatization held in Perm Krai since privatization policy should be evaluated not only by quantitative characteristics and the amount of means going into the budget but also by welfare and social infrastructure development. The article contains some scientific postulates of Marxist economic theory and those of institutional economics concerning property rights. A com- plex analysis of the public property privatization process in Perm Krai was made, which revealed that privatization results had not met the goals set. Thus, it is essential to investigate thoroughly the efficiency of government enterprises privatization in the region. Obviously, public property privatization, as it is now, does not meet the goals stated and is economically inexpedient. The data on public property involved into the process of privatization were systematized, which helped to specify the purpose of public property management and give some recommendations on its use. The dynamics of legal regulation of economic and social relations was also analyzed. It has been found that assessment of property subject to privatization is essential. Basing on the general scientific method to analyze and compare economic problems concerning approximate plans for the regional property privatization, the author suggested changing the mechanism of property transition from public property into assets. When considering the issues of public property privatization, special attention should be paid to the use of concessional agreements and public-private partnership agreement. The conclusions drawn by the author could be used when developing concepts, strategies, prognoses, road maps and other programs concern- ing privatization of public property at the regional and municipal levels.
Keywords: privatization, privatization plan, property, effectiveness, region, fiscal revenue.
SECTION III. ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, ORGANIZATIONS, BRANCHES, COMPLEXES
MODERN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AS A FORM OF HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
Vladimir G. Prudskiy, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Management
E-mail: pvg@psu.ru
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Maxim A. Zhdanov, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: Zhdanov.max@gmail.com
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Development of engineering and technology accumulates small changes, which when reaching a cer- tain critical mass provide an impetus to the transition to a new technological order. Formation of new technological orders, in its turn, encourages development of the economic sphere. As a result, new industries, forms of management and new business areas appear. This entails development of the processes of separation, cooperation and coordination of social labor and economic activity. Under the influence of these processes, formation of a new system of social labor management takes place, which gives a strong impetus to productivity and efficiency being improved. Since the primitive society, the process of development of social labor management forms has been proceeding in a spiral. In the course of the process, the knowledge accumulated turned into appropriate practical tools and techniques, which were subsequently distributed and improved. With the advent of scientific management, new forms of social labor management have been being prepared by the relevant theoretical research and best practices generalization. These studies form theoretical and methodological bases for the next stage of management science development, and develop the necessary tools, technologies and mechanisms for managing social systems (organizations) under the new historical and economic conditions. Using general scientific methods of research allows us to conclude that we are on the verge of forming a new form of industrial management – postindustrial – which appears to be a specific historical form of social control. At the same time, the organization management system objectively becomes most important intangible asset and a strategic competitive competence of organizations. In view of these circumstances, an idea is put forward that business success in the 21st century will be determined not only by achievements in the development of production technology, but also to a large extent by the level of industrial organization management development, knowledge of regularities and principles of its transformation from the instrumental scheme of the structure control to its most important strategic intellectual resource and a key factor in competitive success.
Keywords: management, industrial management, post-industrial management, intangible assets, social management, management cycles, industry cycles, technological advances, information economy.
ANALYSIS OF CURRENTLY RELEVANT METHODS FOR EVALUATING AN ENTERPRISE’S ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SECURITY
Andrey V. Veretyokhin, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: v_a_v_crimea@mail.ru
Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University;
4, Vernadskogo st., Simferopol, 295007, Russian Federation
Economic development of an enterprise implies a sensible balance between high efficiency and sta- bility of business, which after all are responsible for its survival. The research given considers essential is- sues of determining dominant methodological approaches to evaluating an enterprise’s ecologo-economical security. The problem of selecting the method for evaluation is given the most attention. The author considered different aspects of the existing methods for diagnosing economic and ecological stability. When inves-tigating the problem, currently relevant methods of security evaluation were classified and the conclusions about their advantages and disadvantages were drawn. It was found that when solving security problems, managers face serious problems because there is a limited set of evaluation methods. The author of the research also detected the interconnection between a definite security evaluation method and resource conditions, high-performance factors typology. To match these, it was suggested using a universal multilevel criterial scale in combination with time diapasons. It was also detected that during the process of selecting an evaluation method, it is necessary to enlarge the range of specific criteria through corporate components. It was suggested that criteria transformation should be objectively allowed and iteration, i.e. multiple repetition of the system’s selfdiagnostics, should be built into the model of management. In the course of the research it was found that it is rather difficult to select the most adequate evaluation method in a particular situation because there is no logical, universal and easy-to-use selective method. The research results allowed the au hor to derive an algorithm of security evaluation method selection. To make the procedure suggested appli- cable, the most important criteria were identified; these are by the scales of influence and resource re- strictions. Based on the analysis made, characteristics and parameters were classified according to the corresponding scales. To test and endorse the methodology proposed, criterial selection of the method was per- formed, that for enterprises of printing and publishing complex of the Crimea; its applicability was confirmed.
Keywords: ecological and economic security, economic stability, ecology, industrial enterprise, en- vironment, threats, security evaluation.
ASSESSMENT INDICES FOR BUSINESS PROCESSES AT AN ENTERPRISE
Natalya A. Dubinina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: dubinina-nat@rambler.ru
Astrakhan State Technical University;
16, Tatishcheva st., Astrakhan, 416056, Russian Federation
The study of problems referring to the analysis of business processes at an enterprise has revealed many unresolved tasks, including the formation of the most significant indices for their effectiveness assessment. To analyze effectiveness of business processes, as a rule, researchers use qualitative and quantitative indicators and treat the criteria of the evaluation of business processes effectiveness respectively as quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a business process, which serves as a basis for its assessment. In this regard, it is necessary to make careful choice of the criteria of business processes evaluation, used both by the participant and the owner of a business process and able to ensure a competent assessment of business processes effectiveness. The research shows that the number of criteria for assessing business processes ef- fectiveness is determined by the form and complexity of business processes on the basis of certain characteristics, the required accuracy of estimation, the purpose of a study and other external factors. Such approach to the assessment gives an opportunity to reveal the weakest component in the chain of the entire system of business processes. It is concluded that that each enterprise should have a system of assessment indices specific to the business processes being implemented. The system of indices must be flexible and meet the conditions of changing processes, and in the case of their change the enterprise should use a more complex system of assessment indices.
Keywords: business processes, express analysis, quantitative and qualitative indicators, effectiveness, scale of assessment.
SECTION IV. ENTERPRISE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT
METHODS OF ACCOUNTING AND TAX RECOGNITION OF INVESTMENT INCOME: CHARACTERISTICS, COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS, WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT
Alexey Yu. Popov, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: prepodpopov@yandex.ru
Urals State University of Economics;
62/45, 8 Marta/Narodnoy voli st., Ekaterinburg, 620144, Russian Federation
One of the components of business entities profit, which is a goal of any commercial enterprise, is a result of investment activity. The article analyzes the notion of investment income and its composition and characterizes the currently used method of investment income accounting, the provisions of International Financial Reporting Standards in respect of the recognition and assessment of investment income, as well as the rules for its inclusion into the tax base for income tax. Taking into consideration the shortcomings and contradictions revealed in the current legislation, the author sets a goal to identify measures to improve the method of investment income accounting which will improve the quality of accounting information for the assessment and performance of investment activity. Scientific approaches and methods were used in the research, in particular, generalization, analogy, modeling, and others. The analysis of international rules outlines variations in the recognition and recording of investment income and considerable distinctions from the national features of accounting. The study of tax legislation also shows the impossibility to integrate accounting and taxation recognition of investment income. Having examined the rules of accounting and tax legislation, as well as the adaptation of national peculiarities of accounting to international rules, the author formulates recommendations for the improvement of investment income accounting and the representation of its results in financial statements of business entities which do not focus on investing. These recommendations are characterized with scientific novelty and relate to the principles of interest income accounting, the unification of criteria for revenue recognition, the features revaluation of financial investments, expand- ing the classification of income in order to generate a report on financial results, the introduction of addition- al accounts into Chart of Accounts to form investment results. The results obtained are recommended to be used for the development and approval of federal accounting standards and internal accounting standards of organizations.
Keywords: investment activity, income, revenue, interest, dividends, investment assets, financial investments.
DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMIC FINANCIAL CONTROL TOOLS IN CORPORATIONS
Vladimir N. Zhukov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: vn-zhukov@mail.ru
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics;
36, Stremyanny lane, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
The quality of internal financial control systems functioning in corporations is largely determined by the maturity of the instruments that provide accurate work of control systems. This thesis is absolutely valid for the new system monitoring tool of corporate finance-crosschecking. Application of cross-checking requires proper methodological basis. Thus, the aim of the article is to develop methodological basis for cross-checking used for corporate finance control. The methods of dialectics, system analysis, economic analysis, synthesis, heuristics have been used in the study. The proposed methodology of cross-financial control is a model of control actions commitment for comprehensive, holistic and integrated solution to emerg- ing management challenges. This model includes six phases: search for problematic management objects; assigning of control points; selection of criteria for cross-checking; adoption of a control activities plan; con- ducting of cross-checking; assessment of the objects’ condition. Corporate finance management is the area for application of the results. The author concludes that the results obtained in the course of cross-financial control and interpreted into quantitative and qualitative indicators play the role of a launching pad for the adoption of integrated managerial solutions. Thanks to them, systematization of the existing problems and coordination of all the financial management subjects are simplified, adjustment of the objectives is clarified. In addition, these results have a significant impact on the accuracy of assessing the reliability of a corporation’s entire system of internal control carried out in the course of external auditing. At the end of the article, the author gives an example illustrating the practical value of the proposed methodology of cross-financial control and its influence on an auditor’s assessment of the reliability of the internal control system.
Keywords: corporate finance, internal financial control, system of internal financial control, cross- financial control, cross-financial control methodology.
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY. THIRD ISSUE. 2016
TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PERM STATE UNIVERSITY
MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE AND COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Vladimir G. Prudskiy, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Management
E-mail: pvg@psu.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Andrei M. Oshchepkov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: 79655678458@yandex.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Historical analysis of Perm's and Urals' development in the 20th century clearly captures the relationship between the evolution of scientific thought, expressed in the origin and development of Perm State University and its scientific schools, and socio-economic development of the region. Understanding this relationship allows to consider University scientific schools as intellectual locomotives of socio-economic development in Perm and the Urals. Considering the humanitarian, social and economic direction in the development of scientific schools it is necessary to note its relationship with the economic growth in Russia and in the Urals in 1908–1914, which got its intensive continuation during the first world war. Economic growth, development of new electrical technologies and electrical devices, as well as organizational forms of large-scale industrial production objectively required the development of University education and as a result the occurrence of higher educational institutions in the Urals. Universities had to become research centers and incubator, able to ensure the modernization of the Urals' economy according to the third industrial-technological structure of industrial production. University scientific schools started to form and develop on the basis of emerged departments. They allowed to solve many scientific and industrial problems of the Russian economy in the XXth century and to provide the Urals' industry in particular with high-qualified world standard (for its time) specialists. Thus, the study of the relationship between socio-economic development of the Perm city, the Perm Krai and the Ural region and the scientific schools functioning in these regions allows to determine the prospects and ways for further development of these territories based on the development of science as a productive force of society and a key competitive advantage.
Keywords: management, industrial management, neo-industrial management, technological structures, intangible assets, social management, management cycles, industrial cycles, technological progress, neo-industrial economy.
Prudskiy V.G., Oshchepkov A.M. MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE AND COMPETITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
SECTION I. ECONOMIC THEORY
THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AND PLANNING IN RUSSIA: PRINCIPLES AND ECONOMIC POLICY
Oleg S. Sukharev, Professor, Head of Sector IE RAS
E-mail: o_sukharev@list.ru
Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
32, Nakhimovsky prospekt, Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
The basic problems of strategic development of the Russian economy over the past quarter century are considered. The "zigzagging effect" is shown at the level of formulating strategic objectives, which has influenced the development of particular regions of the country to different extents, depending on their initial status and potential. The main principles of elaborating the development strategy and strategic planning are formulated. It is shown how the current macroeconomic policy (strategy) can form a “structural framework” of the economy, which will provide either the opportunity or inability to achieve strategic goals of development. The model «2x2» – “investment-savings”, “financial and non-financial” sector – is proposed, from which it follows that the reason for the difficulties of a strategic nature consists in the growth of the financial sector, inefficient institutions regulating and determining its mode of operation, which requires changes in the country’s monetary and financial policies. The process of strategic planning must culminate in elaboration of the development strategy, it should imply unified principles and approaches at various levels of regional and federal governance. The prospect for this study can be seen in the problem of distribution of the monetary and fiscal policy effect (in the framework of fiscal federalism) in the regional perspective. The proposed model can become a simple initial scheme within which the parameter of institutional bias of the financial sector must be determined for different regions in order to identify methods to rectify this regional divergence.
Keywords: strategy, principles, efficiency criterion, macroeconomic policy.
INFLUENCE OF FORMAL AND INFORMAL INSTITUTIONS
ON TRANSFORMATION OF BEHAVIOR COMPETENCES IN THE FIELD
OF HEALTH PRESERVATION
T.L. Lepikhina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: l-pstu@inbox.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomolsky prospect, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Y.V. Karpovich, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: karpushki@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomolsky prospect, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
In modern conditions the economic science still has not developed a unified understanding of the role of health care in the rational organization of the working environment in the enterprise. The purpose of the article is consideration of forming a rational behavior of economic agents at the enterprise level based on the interactions of formal and informal institutions, resulting in a transformation of values in the field of health savings through the application of new knowledge. The hypothesis of the research is the presence of the influence of formal and informal institutions for behavioural installation in the system of health care. The study is based on institutional approach, allowing to identify features of institutional arrangements and value orders of magnitude, considering not only legal and recorded in a formal way rules, how much of the agreement as a set of informal norms, according to which the interaction between people in a particular area of their activities. The novelty of the research is to study the impact of mental models culture of health care to limit the irrational behaviour of employees. On the basis of the systematization of scientific approaches characterized by system of formal and informal institutions that influence the behavior of health care. For experimental confirmation of the hypothesis about the importance of establishing an effective regulatory environment in January-February of 2015, a survey was conducted at the number of industrial enterprises of Perm and Perm region (JSC Saranovskaya Mine Rudnaya, JSC Motovilikhinskiye Zavody, Barma Ltd., Perm Engine company Ltd),. The results of a study of attitudes of employees of enterprises in Perm region allow us to conclude about the existence of cognitive constraints that shape irrational behavior in the field of health.
Keywords: health preservation, formal and informal institutions, rational behavior, behavioral values.
SECTION II. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
ON THE QUESTION OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF CURRENCY INTERVENTIONS
OF THE BANK OF RUSSIA WITH THE USE OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Mikhail V. Kryuchkov, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: mkryuchkov@hse.ru
Higher School of Economics, Perm Branch;
38, Studencheskaya st., Perm, 614070, Russian Federation
Sergey V. Rusakov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department
of Applied Mathematics and Informatics
E-mail: rusakov@psu.ru
Higher School of Economics, Perm Branch;
38, Studencheskaya st., Perm, 614070, Russian Federation
Pеrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
This article considers the question of improving the quality of foreign exchange interventions conducted by the Central Bank of Russia in the domestic market. Quality is understood as the amount of rubles withdrawn from circulation resulting from the actual currency sale. The period under study is autumn of 2014, which was the most active period of currency sale. In addition to public data on interventions, the model uses information on the cost of Brent crude oil in the world market, as well as the official rate of the US dollar to the ruble set by the Bank of Russia. The purpose of the model-building is to study the possibilities of improving the quality of currency sale by taking into account short-term forecast for cost of oil futures. We regard the following as premises for studying this approach: the established fact that the US dollar rate to the ruble depends on the oil price, the relation between this price and budgetary framework of the Russian Federation, as well as the possibility of the CBR's return to the policy of supporting the ruble through regular currency interventions. Short-term forecast is constructed with the use of the neural network trend indicator, whose architecture contains basic axioms and principles of technical analysis. The values obtained in the course of study as well as actual known values allow us to estimate the possible volume of withdrawn rubles for a given volume of currency sale. Proceeding from the inverse relation between the dollar rate and the oil price, in case of short-term forecast for fall in oil prices, it is proposed to conduct currency sale transactions not on the current but on the following banking day. Study of the model has shown that in case of active interventions, the number of withdrawn rubles can be increased due to taking into account forecast for the world oil price.
Keywords: currency interventions, Bank of Russia, Brent oil, futures.
MAKING CONCERTED INVESTMENT DECISIONS IN CULTURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT: ALGORITHMS OF INTELLECTUAL SUPPORT
Valery A. Kharitonov, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: kharitonov@cems.pstu.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
109, Kuibysheva st., 614010, Perm, Russian Federation
Maksim S. Dmitryukov, Teaching Assistant
E-mail: dmitryukov.m@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
109, Kuibysheva st., 614010, Perm, Russian Federation
Regina A. Larionova, Teaching Assistant
E-mail: r.larionova@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
109, Kuibysheva st., 614010, Perm, Russian Federation
Cultural heritage (CH) is of great socio-economic importance. The problem of preservation and development of CH is vital for the cities of Russia. Due to the multidimensional nature of such problems, experts from different fields are involved to their solution, those often having not concurring interests. Thus, it is essential to improve the efficiency of the known mechanisms for making concerted investment decisions in the context of CH management problems. The main idea of the research is to improve the procedure for making innovative decisions agreed on the basis of generalized median schemes and to bring them to the level of tools. In the paper a substantial modification to the procedure for making such decisions is proposed, allowing for working out design decisions based on a set of matrix models showing preferences of different groups of experts in managing CH. The authors have elaborated procedures to harmonize functions of bringing CH phase characteristics and investment projects, to find concerted solutions when conducting a comprehensive assessment of investment projects and also a consistent model of preferences in the group of models of expert preferences, to harmonize matrix models of preferences based on generalized median schemes. The article also presents data of computing experiments confirming that the mechanisms proposed are effective, in particular in CH management tasks. The algorithms developed apply consistent models, which extend functional capacities of experts in handling problems of managing complex objects, including CH. These algorithms possess scientific novelty and the property of non-manipulability, they are brought up to the level of visual procedures and tools, which simplifies their use in economic research. This is especially essential in cases when persons involved in management have not quite matching interests. Selection of the most preferable investment projects results in increasing efficiency of control over economic processes.
Keywords: cultural heritage, management, algorithms of intellectual support, matrix models of preferences, concerted investment decisions, active examination, generalized median scheme, bringing function, binary matrix of convolution, active non-manipulable examination.
METHOD FOR TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS
OF RELIABILITY IMPROVEMENT OF MILITARY AIRCRAFT GAS-TURBINE ENGINES
IN THEIR AFTERSALES SUPPORT BASED ON OUTCOME PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Marsel R. Asadullin, Deputy Chief of customer relations department of “Aviadvigatel” JSC
E-mail: msmk_90@mail.ru
Aviadvigatel JSC;
93, Komsomolsky prospekt, GSP, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The article describes a conflict between interests of the state customer and the prime contractor on the issue of aeronautical systems and subsystems reliability improvement during its aftersales support. The conflict between interests is shown to arise under the traditional approach to payment for the prime contractor’s services on a basis called “costs+”. Contractual models of public-and-private partnership which are used in the foreign countries successfully, with a payment scheme for the contractor’s services based on outcome performance measures of aeronautical systems and subsystems aftersales support, are presented as a conflict settlement mechanism. A long validity term of such contracts and independence of performance payment amounts from the contractor’s actual expenses motivate the private partner to hold some activities aiming at systems and subsystems reliability improvement. Applicability of technical and economic assessment of these activities is demonstrated. The main provisions of the method for technical and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of aeronautical systems and subsystems reliability improvement are presented thorough the example of a fleet of engines operated within a group of military transport aircrafts with their aftersales support based on outcome performance measures. The method is based on a simulation model of engines fleet operating which allows for the measures of technical and economic evaluation to be identified: average availability of the military transport aircrafts group during the contract validity period, state customer’s operating costs and the prime contractor’s profit. It is experimentally shown on the developed method basis that when the fleet of engines is supported aftersales based on outcome performance measures the prime contractor has an economic interest to improve engines reliability above the requirements specified in the regulatory documentation.
Keywords: technical and economic evaluation, simulation modeling, availability of aeronautical systems and subsystems, conflict between interests, aftersales support, outcome performance measures, gas turbine aircraft engine, gas turbine engine reliability, operating time between unscheduled removals, military transport aircraft.
SECTION III. REGIONAL ECONOMY
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION'S ECONOMY: METHODS OF ANALYSIS WITHIN THE RECURRENT APPROACH
Oksana V. Butorina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: ok.butorina@yandex.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., 614990, Perm, Russian Federation
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Based on the application of the recurrent approach to studying cyclic processes, the article proves that modern innovative development can be considered in two ways – both as a "tool" to achieve a certain level of social development (neo-industrial, in this case,) and as a product of a particular level of development of society in general and economy in particular within the country as a whole as well as at the level of its regions. Furthermore, it is proved that the modern innovation cycle, which began in the last quarter of the 20th century, can be completed in the first third of the 21st century. Such time limits make it possible not only to distinguish indicators of the innovation cycle in regional economic systems but also to present their phase-by-phase dynamics in order to specify the phase in which the cycle is. The statistical base of the Perm region was taken as an example to perform a comprehensive analysis within three groups of indicators: the first group contains indicators that directly characterize innovative development of the economic system; the second group ("providing") includes indicators that allow one to assess the quality of creation and progressive development of the innovation component of the regional economic development; the third group consists of resulting indicators which reflect to what degree innovative transformations in the economy are completed. A conclusion is drawn that the modern innovation cycle is characterized by intertwining of progressive and regressive trends, which is seen both in the dynamics of innovative development of the economy of the Perm region as a whole and in each group of indicators. The general and differentiated conclusions have become the basis for the author's techniques for development of directions and methods of the state regulation of innovative development in the region's economy on the basis of the recurrent approach.
Keywords: recurrent approach, innovative development, indicators of innovative development, methods of innovative development analysis, management of innovative development of the region.
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY IN RUSSIAN REGIONS: SPATIAL ASPECTS AND INTERRELATION WITH INFORMATION RESOURCES
Tatyana V. Mirolyubova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Global and Regional Economy, Economic Theory, Dean of the Faculty of Economics
E-mail: mirolubov@list.ru
Perm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The most important task of the country's economic development is growth in labor productivity. Under modern conditions, information has turned into the major economic resource. The article is aimed at studying interrelation between social labor and national information resources as well as their spatial distribution in Russia. The basic idea is that development of information resources in Russia creates conditions for economic development of Russian regions on the basis of growth in labor productivity. In the course of work on the article, the author used official statistical data, correlation analysis and grouping methods. It has been established that Russian regions are characterized by a considerable spatial non-uniformity of labor productivity: there are not numerous leading regions and numerous regions-outsiders, and with the course of time the situation is not improving but getting worse, the gap between the absolute leader, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area, and other regions growing. Furthermore, all regions under study have been revealed to have strong positive relation between the indicator "gross regional product (GRP) per one working person" and the indicator "number of personal computers with the Internet access", which confirms the hypothesis suggested about interrelation between information resources and the labor productivity level in Russian regions. In the article, grouping of regions is proposed according to the volume of information resources and dynamics analysis is provided for development of national and regional information resources. Those increased during the period of study, however they are characterized by considerable spatial differentiation. The conclusion is drawn that development of regional information resources as one of the factors of increasing labor productivity in Russian regions should become a priority task for public authorities.
Keywords: labor productivity, regional economy information resources, spatial non-uniformity.
SECTION IV. ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, ORGANIZATIONS, BRANCHES, COMPLEXES
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT SYSTEM: MODERN TOOLS OF INCREASING EFFICIENCY
Lyudmila A. Myasnikova, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: mjasnikowal@mail.ru
Saint Petersburg State University of Economics;
21, Sadovaya st., 191023, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
Ksenia A. Tyurina, Postgraduate student
E-mail: xenia.turina@gmail.com
Saint Petersburg State University of Economics;
21, Sadovaya st., 191023, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
The current system of public procurement in the Russian Federation has been formed relatively recently. Many topical issues – such as reduction of corruption risks, streamlining of the state order placement procedures, use of the government procurement mechanism for the growth of import substitution and consumption of environmentally friendly products - require further work in terms of legislation and in terms of providing conditions for their realization in practice. The modern economy has a large range of instruments that contribute to the effective solution of the problems faced. First of all it concerns the capacity of logistics, the development of cluster and network forms of integration and interoperability. The article discusses the mechanism of cluster structuring of the economy as an effective method of market actors cooperation and also considers its influence on economic policy in the field of public procurement. It has been revealed that under the conditions of public procurement, intercompany cooperation that extends beyond the good faith cooperation creates not only wins but also opportunities for abuse on the part of the participating economic agents. Some measures are proposed to promote processes ensuring smooth and cost-effective public consumption in view of the increasing role of the information component, which is becoming the basis of the public procurement system along with the legal framework. Implementation of the complete logistic procurement cycle in the electronic form through the use of e-commerce systems is seen as the main measure to increase efficiency of the public procurement system. The article provides recommendations on how to improve the operation of the electronic trading platform as the leading organizer of procurement procedures. The further development of e-commerce will allow for increasing the openness and transparency of business processes of public procurement participants. Thus, new ambitious challenges are set for the electronic trading platform and corporate procurement system, and solution of those is strategically important for the nature of the country's economy.
Keywords: public procurement, integration, cooperation, corporate procurement, cluster, logistics of public procurement, operator of electronic trading platforms, trading, efficiency of public procurement,
e-commerce.
ON SOME FEATURES OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATION THEORY IN NATIONAL SCIENCE
Oksana N. Kiseleva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department
of Management Consulting
E-mail: oksana@briik.ru
Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov;
77, Politekhnicheskaya st., Saratov, 410054, Russian Federation
Limited Liability Company «Business Solutions Innovation Investment Quality»;
11/15, Shelkovichnaya st., Saratov, 410017, Russian Federation
At present, economic advancement based on development and implementation of innovation is defined as the priority direction for the Russian economy, the primary focus being on technological forms of innovation. The results of the innovation strategy implementation in the national economy, characterized by low rates of innovative development of Russian enterprises, show that this approach is restricted. According to the author, results of innovative development of domestic enterprises directly depend on the transformation of management systems with changes both in the external and internal environment. Management innovations appear to be the main instrument of such transformation. Nowadays, in national innovation science there is a "gap" in respect to management innovations, resulting from some peculiarities of development of teachings about this kind of innovations and hindering their diffusion into domestic enterprises. Thus, the article is aimed at identifying the key problems and their causes. In order to achieve this goal, evolution of theoretical studies on management innovation is analyzed, the main approaches of national scientists to defining this type of innovation are identified, analysis of normative documents regulating innovative activity in the domestic economy is performed. As a result, some of the features determining the "gap" between theory and practice in the sphere of management innovation were revealed and formulated, which made it possible to identify the main obstacles that determine "bottlenecks" in innovation science. The efforts aimed at leveling these features will make it possible to use the benefits of management innovation in practice and to create the environment favorable for the development of domestic enterprises and economy on the whole.
Keywords: innovation, management innovation, development, enterprise, national economy, management system, technological and non-technological forms of innovation.
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS TOWARDS SUBSIDIARIES AND AFFILIATES
IN THE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF RUSSIAN RAILWAYS
Darya A. Dinets, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: lfif1113@mail.ru
Irkutsk State Transport University;
15, Chernyshevskogo st., Irkutsk, 664074, Russian Federation
Albert G. Dzhavrshyan, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: betoo@yandex.ru
Irkutsk State Transport University;
15, Chernyshevskogo st., Irkutsk, 664074, Russian Federation
The article considers features of economic relationships between parent and subsidiary companies in large systems. The relevance of such research is determined by the obvious impossibility to achieve planned results from reforms, in particular in Russian Railways JSC management, without changing the management system. The main research purpose is to elaborate criteria for quantitative assessment of the corporate management efficiency and to examine the actual r
esults of managing subsidiaries within Russian Railways. In order to achieve the goal stated, the most applicable theoretical approaches to corporate management have been considered. Moreover, based on the synthesis of different theories, the most common instruments of corporate management have been selected, these including budgeting, controlling, securities transactions, incentive funds, supply chain management. Scientific novelty of the research can be seen in the development of a model for estimating the efficiency of corporate management within the large Russian holding based on comparing results of achieving goals of the parent company and these of each subsidiary business taken separately. It has been revealed that subsidiaries provide working capital and liquidity for the parent company. In the course of research we applied an approach of assessing the resulting indicator based on weight ranking of indicators included in the model, the ranks being assigned taking into account specific features of Russian Railways as a research object. The model testing allowed us to draw the following conclusions concerning corporate management in Russian Railways: the management process is oriented at achieving short term local goals of each entity taken separately, there is lack of an integrated corporate management system; application of monetary management mechanisms leads to decreasing indicators in the periods of recession and unfavorable external environment; the management system is to a large extent based on investment, which is indicative of low quality of management and feedback functions, while these are the basis for the system approach to contemporary corporate management.
Keywords: corporate management, management functions, subsidiaries management tools, models and methods of management, management of Russian Railways JSC towards subsidiaries, planning, control, economic cycles, railway industry management.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGICAL TOOLKIT FOR ASSESSING ENERGY EFFICIENCY
OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Vladimir A. Koksharov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: Vakoksharov@mail.ru
Ural State University of Railway Transport;
66, Kolmogorova st., Ekaterinburg, 620034, Russian Federation
Under the new economic conditions, management of energy consumption at an industrial enterprise needs improving methods for estimating energy efficiency. The existing ones do not allow for complex assessment of the processes of dynamic interaction of an enterprise’s energy structure and market conditions, which results in poor performance of energy efficiency and energy saving at enterprises. The aim of this study is to expand the conceptual apparatus in the field of the fuel and energy balance and energy efficiency of metallurgical enterprises, and on this basis to propose a set of energy and economic indicators that can be used to form an energy-efficient strategy for an enterprise’s development. The novelty of the research can be seen in the following. First, two new concepts are introduced into the conceptual apparatus based on the analysis of the existing methodological tools for assessing energy efficiency: the "enterprise energy efficiency management pyramid" and "dynamic assessment of an enterprise’s fuel and energy balance quality". Second, a model of dynamic assessment of an enterprise’s fuel and energy balance quality is proposed and tested, based on a system of interconnected dynamic standards for the effective development of a business strategy and energy consumption economy, which makes it possible to perform quantitative assessment of the balance quality and take timely measures to neutralize negative processes of energy consumption on the basis of the principle of economic interests. The testing of the model of dynamic assessment of an enterprise’s fuel and energy balance quality has shown that the growth trends for the dynamic assessment of the fuel and energy balance quality in the Chelyabinsk region follow the same patterns as those of the companies under analysis, which allows us to offer the same set of indicators for coordinating decisions on the formation of the energy strategy for the region and enterprises on the basis of indicative planning of the energy and fuel balance at the regional level for metallurgical enterprises, and thus to provide a consistent "floating optimization" of the balance of economic entities within the region.
Keywords: energy efficiency, energy saving, saving, energy demand, fuel and energy balance, management, key performance indicators, high quality, growth rates.
SECTION V. CURRENT ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ACCOUNTING: TRANSFORMATION OF THE PURPOSE AND CONTENT
Tatyana V. Pashchenko, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: paschenko@econ.psu.ru
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Accounting as a science has been developing over centuries. Its subject matter is an objective reflection of an organization’s (an economic entity’s) economic and business processes within a uniform information system. Creation of such system requires, firstly, understanding of economic processes under which the organization functions, secondly, determination of methods for the most objective reflection of such processes, and thirdly, development of ways to present the information received. In the course of economic development, changes occur in the subject structure of economic relations, in objects which were the subject of such relations, and also in the nature and content of the relations themselves. In addition, some facts appear which influence the economic state of organizations irrespective of their involvement into relationship with other participants of economic circulation. Such events should also find reflection in the system of accounting. Thus, the purpose of the present article is to consider changes in the accounting items, subject structure, content and functional purpose and to determine the possible directions for further development of the science. The research is based on study and generalization of theoretical and practical material, as well as comparative analysis of the legislative framework. Such research methods as analysis and synthesis, classification, grouping, logical, system and complex approaches have been used. The novelty consists in the very idea of considering the development of accounting in correlation with the development of socio-economic structures. Such approach gives an opportunity to get a system and complex idea of the development of an accounting system’s elements, to formulate science-based suggestions concerning development of the theory of accounting and its positive embodiment, and also to give practical recommendations for formation of accounting systems in organizations.
Keywords: accounting, history, economic development, accounting items, competence, accounting methods, accounting technique.
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY. FORTH ISSUE. 2016
TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PERM STATE UNIVERSITY
SECTION I. ECONOMIC THEORY
THE ECONOMIC GROWTH: FROM NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMICS TO THE INSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT
Dmitry E. Sorokin, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Scientific Director of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
E-mail: dsorokin@fa.ru
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation;
49, Leningradsky avenue, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation
Oleg S. Sukharev, Head of Sector of IE RAS, Professor
E-mail: o_sukharev@list.ru
Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
32, Nakhimovsky avenue, Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The paper generalizes the common flaws of neoclassical growth models based on the basic model of R. Solow and its development within the framework of the Lucas-Romer type models, with the designation of the relevant institutional factors. The concept of economic growth is presented in terms of D. North's theory of economic change, different types of investments, regarded as the main factor of modern economic growth, are described. However, analysis of Russian conditions for economic growth leads us to the conclusion that the component of total consumer spending was the most significant during the period of growth in 2000–2014, except for the crisis years of 2009 and 2015–2016, which requires changes in economic policies implemented under the crisis conditions. In Russia in the first phase of growth, it is necessary to stimulate consumption with further enhancement of investment belonging to the types that are analyzed in this article. The analysis of sensitivity of the economic growth rate to the measures of economic policy in Russia was conducted, which allowed us to establish the possibility for both monetization of the economy and reduction of interest rates, those being general conditions affecting the growth of non-primary factors. The task of restraining inflation in Russia is not a determining condition for growth, as the current economic structure will trigger an upward trend in prices at the start of growth. If you follow the "monetary rule", it should reflect the need of the economic structure for money at the given rate of economic growth. Institutional and structural explanation for the growth conditions, in contrast to the neoclassical models, would be a more adequate means to describe the problems of growth in Russia.
Keywords: economic growth, models, institutions, neoclassical economics, institutionalism, combinatorial effect, "creative destruction", neo-Schumpeterian theory.
SOCIAL JUSTICE AS A FACTOR OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Margarita А. Vakhtina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Vice-Rector of the Volga Region State University
of Service
E-mail: vahtina@tolgas.ru
Volga Region State University of Service;
4, Gagarina st., Tolyatti, 445677, Russian Federation
In the modern conditions, when the favorable foreign trade environment of raw economy faded in importance for Russia, negative consequences of violation of social justice principles has become even more obvious. Institutes are considered not only as exogenously set limiters of activity but also as a product of the purposeful ethic-oriented designing at the micro-, meso- and macro-level of the economic system. Social justice is seen to be connected with the configuration and structure of institutes (rules and organizations supporting them) and is regarded as "the main virtue" of public institutes. Proceeding from the thesis that the first principle of social justice, regulating basic norms, is oriented towards ensuring equality of economic opportunities and the second principle provides acceptable distribution of shares of the made product, in the article the main attention is paid to the regulations influencing distribution of income and wealth. The monopolism phenomena, which altered the institutional structure of society and sectoral structure of the Russian economy towards raw industries and corporations with the state participation, have led to rent-seeking behavior of certain players in the market, excessive differentiation of the income and poverty of a considerable part of the Russian population. The necessity to carry out institutional transformations compliant with the concept of social justice are reasoned: along with the creation of conditions for an equal and fair competition, measures for maintenance of the balance in distribution excluding excessive inequalities and enrichment of some participants in the market at the expense of others are updated. The practical actions taken by the Russian government for the country's exit from the economic crisis do not contain effective measures to eliminate excessive inequalities, withdraw and redistribute investment incomes for the benefit of society, to transfer the tax burden from the middle class to the rich. The transformations proposed in the article, along with the short-term effect from the increasing consumer demand on the part of the middle class and the poor, can lead to positive long-term socio-economic consequences due to additional tax revenue in budgets of all levels, reduction of inefficient expenses, and also growth of the level of credibility.
Keywords: anti-crisis plan, social justice, institutions, institutional reforms, economic development, public policy, public spending, income differentiation, poverty, inequality, progressive taxation, rent-seeking behavior
THE STUDY OF THE OLDER ADULTS’ HUMAN CAPITAL: SETTING THE PROBLEM
Nataliya N. Shestakova, Сandidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher
E-mail: nnshestakova@gmail.com
Institute of Problems of Regional Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
38, Serpukhovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russian Federation
Igor G. Vasiliev, Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Senior Researcher
E-mail: sistana2@mail.ru
Institute of Problems of Regional Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
38, Serpukhovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russian Federation
Nataliya E. Chistyakova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Researcher
E-mail: nat@nt1924.spb.edu>
Institute of Problems of Regional Economy of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
38, Serpukhovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russian Federation
The article presents the results of research on the major trends in the place and role of older persons in the modern Russian society and in the workplace. The main aspects of studying the problem of ageing in the framework of foreign and domestic scientific traditions are considered. Three main areas of research – demographic, socio-economic and socio-cultural ones – are identified. An attempt is made to overcome the high degree of fragmentation of research problems concerning older population by branches of knowledge and/or areas of departmental affiliation/ responsibility, which as a rule reflects the position of only one of the hierarchical levels of interest. The concept of "human capital of older generations" is introduced, its specific characteristics are described. These include the high degree of its establishment and the need for its periodic updating in connection with the possible obsolescence. We have studied a number of issues related not only to the increase in the economic burden on society in the form of the need to maintain their older members, but also associated with the economic and social efficiency of positioning elderly people as subjects of formation of new segments in the labor market, pushing the boundaries of using the accumulated spiritual, moral, socio-cultural intellectual, professional components of human capital. The article attempts to study ageing from the perspective of interrelation of its three social components. The authors define demographic, socio-economic, socio-cultural issues of older people, manifesting themselves through the way and quality of elders' life, ways of involvement in the labor and social activity, methods of their social adaptation to the new conditions after retirement, changes in their social status and prestige, financial and family status, social role, etc. Changes in the way and quality of life necessarily lead to increasing demand for the relevant social services and those of associated spheres of economic activity. Thus, the authors state the need for conservation and use/realization of human capital accumulated by older members of society during their previous life cycles.
Keywords: human capital, human capital of older generations, age stratification, population ageing, working-age population, savings of the population, economic benefits, public policy.
SECTION II. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
SOME ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF DYNAMIC STOCHASTIC GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM (DSGE) MODELS
Dmitriy N. Shults, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: shultz@prognoz.ru
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Ivan A. Oshchepkov, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: oshchepkov@prognoz.ru
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The article deals with practical aspects of constructing dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models (DSGE). A basic model of the real business cycle theory (RBC) is considered. The basic RBC model and DSGE models are compared, their similarities and differences are analyzed. By the example of the Russian economy it is shown that these classes of models are sensitive to smoothing parameters. In other words, the procedure of identifying the potential (equilibrium) GDP is crucial for the subsequent analysis of the economy's properties. It is shown that Russia's GDP can be adequately modeled by extracting the long-term component by the Hodrick-Prescott filter, using the AR model of order 4 and taking into account world oil prices. An algorithm for constructing a DSGE model suitable for use in university courses of macroeconomics and mathematical modeling, simple methods of deriving the dynamic IS-curve, New Keynesian Phillips curve and Taylor equation are analyzed. The DSGE model constructed is found to have
2 equilibrium states. The problems arising when forecasting based on models with the rational expectation operator are considered. Different approaches to solving equations with rational expectations are described: the Blanchard method, through reduction to adaptive expectations, through determining rational expectations. The conditions for stability of the model considered and for cyclical fluctuations are derived. A DSGE model parameters are calibrated for the economy of modern Russia. The effectiveness of monetary policy is analyzed, including anti-inflationary and stimulating policies. The social welfare function and the optimal parameters of monetary policy minimizing deviations from target inflation and GDP deviations from the long-term level are calculated. The article can be useful for specialists in economic-mathematical modeling and macroeconomic forecasting.
Keywords: dynamic stochastic general equilibrium models, DSGE, real business cycle theory, RBC, time series smoothing, macroeconomic forecasting, rational and adaptive expectations, inflation targeting, monetary policy, Taylor rule.
.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL MARKET ON INDUSTRY GROWTH:
AN EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIA AND IRAN
I.G. Sergeeva, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Financial Management and Audit
E-mail: Igsergeeva@gmail.com
Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics,
9, Lomonosov st., Saint-Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
T. Tayebehsadat, Postgraduate student
E-mail: Tstaba64@gmail.com
Saint-Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics,
9, Lomonosov st., Saint-Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
The relationship between financial markets and industry growth has been approved by many previous studies. In this paper, as an innovative research, we try to find the impact of market capitalization in financial market as a proxy for financial market on the industry growth in Russia and Iran. In fact, these two countries are classified as developing economies in which the financial markets can play a powerful engine to improve the industries’ performances. Hence, it would be interesting to compare market capitalization-industry growth nexus in Russia and Iran as two developing countries. In order to fulfill this purpose, an econometric model called Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is applied for the annual data over the period of 1992–2014. The finding proves the positive relationship between market capitalization and industry growth in both countries, Iran and Russia. Based on the results, a 1% increase in market capitalization in Iran and Russia increases the industry growth by 0.07% and 0.02%, respectively. It has been concluded that market capitalization can play a significant role in order to grow the industry in Iran and Russia. However, these two countries need to improve the efficiency of their financial markets to improve the positive impact of these markets on their industrial growth. The novelty of this research can be highlighted in this way that the financial market in oil exporting countries, Russia and Iran as our case studies, may be a golden key to reach to a positive and stable economic growth. Thereby, oil exporting countries should try to implement good financial policies and improve the efficiency of financial market.
Keywords: market capitalization, Iran, Russia, industry growth, time series analysis, economic modeling, Vector Auto Regressive Model, unit root test, lag selection, co-integration test
I.G. Sergeeva, T. Tayebehsadat THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL MARKET ON INDUSTRY GROWTH:
AN EVIDENCE FROM RUSSIA AND IRAN
P-ADIC MODELING OF THE RTS INDEX DYNAMICS DEPENDING ON TIMEFRAMES
Peter M. Simonov, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor
E-mail: simpm@mail.ru
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Sofya A. Filimonova, Master Student
E-mail: sofya_filimonova@mail.ru
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Similarity of physical and economic processes provides us with the opportunity to study price fluctuations in financial markets with the help of methods of econophysics. These both kinds of processes are chaotic, determined in time, but cannot be predicted on its basis. The p-adic analysis, one of econophysics methods, is chosen as the approach for consideration of price changes. The research purpose is application of methods of p-adic modeling and forecasting for price fluctuations, the research subject is the RTS Index dynamics. The article provides mathematical description of the p-adic analysis, which is considered to be determination of p-adic numbers and their representation in 
QpQp space. This is complete metric (generated by a p-adic non-Archimedean norm) space, which allows us to apply p-adic numbers to modeling stochastic phenomena. Models of the main elementary figures of price dynamics in financial markets, such as a linear function, step function and R.N. Elliott's wave model, are constructed. In the history of financial markets, examples which are characteristic of p-adic mapping are found. An attempt to create a method of p-adic modeling and forecasting is made. According to this method, analysis of the RTS Index dynamics is performed. For the RTS Index dynamics, four models are constructed: depending on months, weeks, days and hours. The main types of the p-adic forecasts are revealed, those being optimistic, pessimistic, average and the forecast of the continuing development. Conclusions are drawn about accuracy of both p-adic models depending on timeframes and their forecasts depending on the revealed types. Benefits and faults of the
p-adic analysis are found. The research results can be used for further studying of wave patterns with the use of p-adic mapping, the patterns being applied not only to price fluctuations but also to other economic processes. Moreover, p-adic models can serve as a tool of the technical analysis.
Keywords: p-adic approximation, RTS Index, error of the p-adic forecast, econophysics, p-adic analysis, wave patterns of fractals, financial markets..
MIGRATION, REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE CASE OF FORMER SOVIET
M.M. Yormirzoev, Ph.D. in Economics
E-mail: mmermirzoev@hse.ru
National Research University Higher School of Economics (Perm branch),
27, Lebedeva st., Perm, 614000, Russian Federation
Over the last decade, an international inflow of remittances throughout the world has increased significantly, becoming the second largest source of foreign financial receipts. It is generally accepted that migrants’ transfers have the potential to benefit recipient countries. The empirical evidence of earlier studies provides controversial conclusions; the literature did not give special attention to the case of the the post-Soviet region. This may be related to the fact that countries of the former Soviet Union did not use to record the relevant data on remittances in their balances of payments. The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the role of remittances in economic growth in former Soviet republics for the period of 2002 through 2010, using a panel data set. Our analysis will cover eleven countries, excluding those that do not report data on remittances and Russia. The key finding of the paper reveals that migrants’ transfers do not directly facilitate output growth in former Soviet republics. Migrants act as altruistic individuals and their financial relations with those who remain in places of origin occur under asymmetric information. We admit the fact that our analysis is based upon the official data on remittances that are recorded in countries’ balances of payment. We do not take into consideration unrecorded and informal inflows, which may account for about half of all remittances sent to migrant-sending nations worldwide, and the post-Soviet region is not an exception.
Keywords: migration, labor market, remittances, balance of payment, economic growth, former Soviet republics, neoclassical growth model, asymmetric information, econometric modeling, panel data analysis
M.M. Yormirzoev MIGRATION, REMITTANCES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE CASE OF FORMER SOVIET
ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF EMPLOYMENT CONTRACTS
AT THE RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE
Arseniy A. Gorbushin, Postraduate Student
E-mail: arseniygorbushin@gmail.com
Vyatka State University;
36, Moskovskaya st., Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
Anatoly V. Shatrov, Doctor of Mathematics and Physics, Professor, Head of the Department
of Mathematical Modeling in Economics
E-mail: avshatrov1@yandex.ru
Vyatka State University;
36, Moskovskaya st., Kirov, 610000, Russian Federation
The paper considers an economic-mathematical model of the recruitment procedure. In the real sector of economy, employers are often incapable of evaluating professional skills of a candidate for a certain job position. This problem is becoming more pressing nowadays, when managers are usually proficient in managing skills but do not have a relevant job experience. Under these conditions, a specialist from among the employees could be better at assessing qualities of a candidate from outside the company. Thus, the principal (a firm owner/manager) may wish to use his employees' knowledge to hire new smart (skilled, talented) staff. However, workers know that the firm will only keep a limited number of workplaces. That may be for various reasons: perhaps, in a division inside a big company there is a quota on the number of workplaces; or the firm needs a limited number of qualified employees to produce its optimal output. Thus, workers have incentives to prevent more talented candidates from getting a job because those people may later recommend the principal to replace less gifted ones. In the paper, we consider this conflict using the modeling approach of game theory. The research appears to be currently relevant since there is a necessity to solve personnel problems at all levels, including the level of the firm's activity. The novelty of the solution to this task in Russian scientific literature is provided by the solution method and the essential content – application of the game theory to decision-making problems in the contract theory. Unlike foreign analogs, the problem of delegation of powers is considered as a solution to the task on social optimum, when the profitability of the company reaches the maximum but the amount of payment to workers does not decrease. It is shown that to achieve the social optimum the owner has to delegate powers to competent employees.
Keywords: economic-mathematical model, game theory, decision theory, recruitment procedure contract theory.
SECTION III. REGIONAL ECONOMY
THE IMPACT OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
OF RUSSIAN REGIONS: MEASUREMENT AND HIGHLIGHTS FOR PRACTICE
Evgeniy V. Popov, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Corresponding Member of the RAS, Head of the Economic Theory Center
E-mail: epopov@mail.ru
Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
29, Moskovskaya st., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation
Maxim V. Vlasov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,Senior Researcher
E-mail: mvlassov@mail.ru
Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences;
29, Moskovskaya st., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russian Federation
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin;
19, Mira st., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation
Dmitry M. Kochetkov, Senior Analyst
E-mail: http://kochetkovdm@hotmail.com
Center for Regional Economic Research, Higher School of Economics and Management of the Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin;
19, Mira st., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russian Federation
The knowledge economy, initially developed in the corporate sector towards the end of the 20th century, has found its application at the macro level, both in theoretical research and in the formation of regional and national economic policy. Knowledge has become the key resource of economic growth, on the one hand, and the basic value shaping social evolution, on the other. This research is aimed at estimating the impact of the knowledge economy on the level of development of regional economic systems, measured by the indicator of Gross Regional Product (GRP). The authors analyzed the international experience of the global knowledge economy index construction (by the World Bank and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) and then adapted these techniques to the regional level. The study also took into consideration a very limited set of statistical data in the area of the knowledge economy provided by the national statistical base. The indexes of knowledge and GRP of Russian regions have been compared; the leading regions in building the knowledge economy and lagging regions have been identified. Finally, the authors have revealed a correlation dependence between quantity of the institutions of higher education and the number of the faculty in the region, on the one hand, and GRP, on the other. These findings have practical applications in the field of regional economic policy and indicative planning. At the same time, the research results will be used for further study of Russian practice of building the knowledge economy at the regional level by the methods of institutional analysis and modeling.
Keywords: knowledge economy, regional economy, knowledge economy index, gross regional product, institutional analysis, modeling, regional socio-economic systems, indicative planning, economic policy.
INTERREGIONAL COOPERATION AS A TOOL FOR MANAGING DIFFERENTIATION
OF REGIONAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS: THE CLUSTER APPROACH
Julia V. Dubrovskaya, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: uliadubrov@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky avenue, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The article draws attention to the problem of interregional differentiation of the levels of innovation and socio-economic development. Through the use of the main aspects of economic growth theory, models of new economic geography and also tools of spatial analysis and spatial econometrics, the author has constructed a regression model of resource and institutional factors influence on the level of regional development. The model is based on the classification of the first and second nature factors (according to P. Krugman) providing competitive advantages of regional development. The model constructed allows us to explain the nature of the dominance of specific groups of factors at the level of spatial development in economic systems with high interregional differentiation. Econometric testing of the obtained dependencies on the regions of the Russian Federation has proved the dominant role of the first nature factors – the profitable geographical location and natural resource endowment. The econometric analysis results have become the starting point for the conception of lowering territorial differentiation through the development of the second nature factors on the basis of integration forms of interregional cooperation. The author believes that a productive integration interaction of individual economic actors is possible within cluster-network structures, which are a special form of spatial organization of territories belonging to different hierarchical levels. Taking into account the positive world's experience of applying the cluster concept in the innovation policy over the last decades, the author puts forward a hypothesis that effective institutions of the formation and functioning of cluster networks, being factors of the second nature according to P. Krugman, are able to provide a smooth progressive development of the whole national economy. It can be possible first of all through the achievement of synergies as a result of interaction of the basic institutional sectors (business, science and government) primarily not within the same region but on the basis of interregional integration. In this case, competitive advantages of some regions will enhance economic activity development on the territory of others.
Keywords: interregional differentiation, interregional cooperation, Russian regions, resource and institutional factors of development, innovation economy, regression and correlation analysis, cluster.
ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES IN RUSSIAN REGIONS IN 1995–2016: INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS
Marina A. Giltman, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: giltman@rambler.ru
Tyumen State University;
10, Semakova st., Tyumen, 625002, Russian Federation
Alexandra A. Votyakova, Master of Economics
E-mail: a.a.votyakova@gmail.com
Tyumen State University;
10, Semakova st., Tyumen, 625002, Russia Federation
Active labor market policy (ALMP) in the labor market of the Russian Federation (RF) is implemented through the adoption of active labor market programs (programs) and related documents. The programs usually contain tools and activities that help unemployed individuals to find work. Normally ALMP is considered as a labor market institution that contributes to reduction in the duration of unemployment and the number of the unemployed. Thus, the aim of the ALMPs is to transfer an individual from the unemployed to the employed status. In Russia ALMP has been carried out for more than 20 years. During this period, the majority of functions connected with the development and implementation of regional ALMPs was transferred from the federal government to the authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation (SRF). Currently, according to the formal norms of the law, almost all the regional programs are developed, adopted and funded at the regional level. Until now, regional ALMPs have remained outside the economic studies due to the lack of empirical data required for quantitative analysis. However, text content of the regional programs provided in the public domain allows us to conduct qualitative institutional analysis. The aim of this study is to provide comparative institutional analysis of the regional programs in Russia from 1995 to 2016. We have analyzed text content of 263 regional programs adopted in the SRF. Thus, the research is based on the unique hand-collected database of regional programs developed and adopted in the SRF. The results show that the governance of the regional ALMPs in the RF is still centralized. The SRF react to the economic crisis by increasing the number of developed and adopted programs, however their efficiency is low.
Keywords: employment, labor market, regional labor markets, labor market institutions, public employment policy, active labor market policy (ALMP), institutional analysis, efficiency
PARTNERSHIP FOR LARGE AND SMALL BUSINESSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
OF THE INDUSTRIALIZED REGION
Gennadiy A. Gershanok, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: gager2@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky avenue, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Dmitriy G. Shishkin, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: dgshishkin@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University;
29, Komsomolsky avenue, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
The article deals with the integration of large and small businesses in order to increase mutual effectiveness. Currently, large business, mainly in form of transnational and national corporations, is the foundation of the economy on a global and national scale, dominating in international trade, high technology, infrastructure and nature-exploiting industries. However, large business does not have enough mobility, it appears unable to respond quickly to the environmental turbulence. In its turn, small business demonstrates the quick response to changes in the environment, but has less resistance to the disturbance of the environment, which makes it vulnerable to market challenges. The integration of large and small businesses will be useful for both sides. The forms of such integration may be different. However, in any case, it will entail synergistic and complementary effects. The overview of the Perm region's industry by sectors (fuel and chemical industry, machine building, agriculture, construction and transport complexes), which is provided in the article, leads to the conclusion that the region's economy, focused on large business, is going through hard times. The main idea of the article is that the integration of small and medium-sized businesses with large business of the Perm region will provide a complementary and synergistic effects, which will allow for implementing a strategy for the development of the Perm region based on stirring up the investment, innovation and modernization components of the region's production and economic complex. The presented structure of small business testifies to the possibility of the integration.
Keywords: entrepreneurship, small business, medium business, small business structure, Perm region industry, industrially developed region, interaction of large and small businesses, regional development strategy, synergistic effect, complementary effect, integration of large and small businesses
DEPRESSED TERRITORIES OF THE PERM REGION: IDENTIFICATION AND MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT
Aleksandr V. Lapin, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Реrm State University;
15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russian Federation
Socio-economic development of each region is uneven. Territories within the region may differ by geographical location, demographical and natural potential, the level of economic development, etc. However, there are differences that result from inefficient territory management. These differences are commonly considered crucial when they aggravate social problems in the territory or a group of territories. A clear system for identification of problem territories and support measures for their socio-economic development can become a base for sustainable and qualitative economic growth in the region and in the country. The purpose of the article is to identify depressed territories in the Perm region and elaborate proposals to change the territorial socio-economic development management system aimed at overcoming depression. A comparative analysis of the structure and dynamics of municipalities of the Perm region has been conducted on the basis of the statistical approach to identifying depressed territories. It includes several indicators as follows: index of volume of own-produced shipped goods, works and services; ratio of monetary income to the subsistence level in the region; unemployment rate. Scientific novelty of the work consists in the methods for identifying depressed areas, including the criteria for the assignment of municipalities to depressed ones: a homogeneous economic structure, location within one municipality, socio-economic indicators being beyond certain values over a certain period of time. Three depressed areas have been identified in the Perm region on the basis of the criteria and indicators proposed: Cherdynskiy, Kochyevskiy and Usvinskiy municipalities, which do not make a significant contribution to the GRP, however, significantly affect the level of unemployment in the region. The paper contains some suggestions resulting from the study: to enshrine the definition, criteria and indicators for assessing depressed areas in the regulations; to implement a common approach to the management of problem areas (including depressed areas); to create a system for monitoring problem areas.
Keywords: depressed territories, identification methods, assessment indicators, depression criteria, socio-economic development, region, regional management, strategy
SECTION IV. ENTERPRISE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES, ORGANIZATIONS, BRANCHES, COMPLEXES
BANK PROJECT FINANCE: A CASE STUDY OF FINANCING INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
OF ENTERPRISES IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES
Olga V. Nikulina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: olgafinans@mail.ru
Kuban State University;
149, Stavropolskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000, Russian Federation
Kseniya V. Baklazhkova, Master Student
E-mail: Xenia.nia@yandex.ru
Kuban State University;
149, Stavropolskaya st., Krasnodar, 350000, Russian Federation
The successful implementation of project finance makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of companies in the long term, which in turn is a necessary condition for balanced growth of the economy. However, in the context of macroeconomic uncertainty, the quantity and quality of long-term capital intensive projects decrease, which in turn affects the volume of financing. Global integration of finance and cash flow, as well as the international economic crisis seriously influence the process of bank financing for investment activity of enterprises. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the specific features of bank project finance for projects of companies in different sectors of the Russian economy. The main objective of the study is to identify the specific features of bank project financing for investment activity of enterprises in different industries, as well as to develop recommendations and proposals which will improve the efficiency of that financing. Investment projects of enterprises in different industries financed by Russian and foreign banks are considered based on the system approach, comparative analysis and elements of statistical analysis. Analysis of bank financing for investment activity of domestic enterprises has allowed us to: 1) determine the interest of banks in financing of structured projects on the principles of project finance; 2) identify the main trends in the field of project finance in Russia; 3) give some recommendations, application of which will improve the reliability of investment management. It has been concluded that the present stage in the development of bank financing for investment projects of enterprises in Russia and abroad is associated with increased volatility in the financial market. However, in the context of the international financial crisis, banks are interested in financing well-structured projects on the basis of project finance. The article describes the main trends in banking project finance in Russia. Furthermore, the paper justifies the need to develop a clear phased algorithm to assess impact of the projects, intensive development of methods of risk diversification. In view of the need for rational allocation of financial resources between projects, it appears appropriate to form financial portfolio, which will allow for increased control over projects in the case of their financing by banks.
Keywords: investment activities, project finance, efficiency, risk, insurance, diversification, banks, global financial market, companies, industries.
DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE DEPENDING ON THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT MATURITY LEVEL IN THE COMPANY
Dmitry V. Gergert, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Dean of the Faculty of Economics, Management and Business Informatics
E-mail: dgergert@hse.ru
National Research University Higher School of Economics (Perm branch);
38, Studencheskaya st., Perm, 614107, Russian Federation
Yulia O. Shturmina, Specialist, Bureau for HR Administration,
E-mail: julia.shturmina@mail.ru
LLC "Satellite-Service";
63, Pyatiletki st., Berezniki, 618426, Russian Federation
This paper defines the concept of a project management office (PMO), considers its basic functions and models. It is shown how functions of a PMO influence selection of its particular model. After considering a number of algorithms for implementation of a PMO in a company, it has been concluded that many researchers ignore one of the most important stages – assessment of its effectiveness. In our view, it is at the stage of taking the decision about introduction of a PMO when the purpose of its functioning within the company and indicators to measure its performance should be determined. Having reviewed a number of studies in which authors identify the PMO functions depending on the maturity level of project management, we have found PMO functions to be essential in the relationship between the project management maturity and efficiency of its operation. This relationship was laid in the development of a system of indicators to assess the PMO efficiency. Using the Maturity Model P3M3 and characteristics of project management at each maturity level, we identified the main features of the PMO at each of these levels. Further, in order to build a system of performance indicators, objectives were defined for each function. At the third and fourth levels of maturity, the focus shifts from evaluating implementation of the functions to evaluating implementation of the projects and evaluating performance of the company as a whole. In our view, the system of indicators proposed must be defined at the stage of introducing the project office in the company, which will make it possible to adequately assess the contribution of the PMO to the development of project management as well as to the implementation of the company's strategy.
Keywords: project, company, IT sphere, project management, project management office, project management maturity, maturity levels, project management office efficiency, key performance indicators, complex approach
CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT AN ENTERPRISE: ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY
Kseniya V. Kondrateva, Postgraduate Student, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: shmakova_ksenia@mail.ru
Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Division, Institute of Economics, (Perm branch);
42/2, Baramzinoy st., Perm, 614046, Russian Federation
Perm National Research Polytechnic University (Lysva branch);
2, Lenina st., Lysva, 618900, Russian Federation
Under the difficult conditions of transforming economic relations, globalization of the economy, and Russia's controversial integration into the global economy, the necessity arises to improve methodological support for crisis management. In recent years, the number of applications for insolvency received by arbitration courts of the Russian Federation has increased significantly. In this regard, the aim of this article is to present methodology for assessing efficiency of an enterprise’s crisis management on the basis of the author's approach to determining consolidated measure of crisis management efficiency in the context of analytical and expert evaluation. The methodology consists of three stages and allows us to monitor the management efficiency in dynamics and also to identify the weak links in the crisis management system in order to modify the management mechanism. Also, based on research activities of several metallurgical enterprises in the Perm region facing with the crisis, for a number of years we have established correspondence between the final evaluations of crisis management efficiency obtained by calculations and the company's ability to sustainable functioning or development depending on the effective use of internal resources. Application of the techniques described will allow directors of enterprises first to take effective anti-crisis decisions based on the information about loss of management efficiency for each of the criteria, which makes it possible to identify and realize hidden reserves in crisis management; second to determine what instruments to apply for crisis management of the enterprise's functioning and development.
Keywords: crisis management, industrial enterprise, mechanism and principles of crisis management, efficiency of crisis management, assessment methodology, assessment criteria.