Perm University Herald. ECONOMY. 2015
PERMUNIVERSITYHERALD.ECONOMY.FIRSTISSUE.2015
SECTION I. MACROECONOMICS
RUSSIAN ECONOMY: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND FORECAST FOR 2015-2017
Dmitry N. Shults, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of Information Systems and Mathematical Methods in Economics
E-mail: shultz@prognoz.ru
Perm State University, 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Natalya V. Vlasova, Acting Team Leader, Economic Modeling and Forecasting Center
E-mail: vlasovan@prognoz.ru
PROGNOZ JSC, 5, Danschinast., Perm, 614068, Russia
Ivan A. Oshchepkov, Postgraduate Student, Department of Information Systems and Mathematical Methods in Economics
E-mail: oshchepkov@prognoz.ru
Perm State University, 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article presents an overview of key factors of economic slowdown in Russia and distinguishes three aggregate groups of these factors, including domestic, external economical and external geopolitical ones. Substantial money supply shift against a background of transition to the floating exchange rate is considered to be the cause of “Black Tuesday” on December 17, 2014. A combination of high capacity utilization level, labor shortage, high level of the key interest rate, international sanctions limit economic growth as a result of ruble devaluation and import substitution policy. In this case, we suggest establishing a criterion for setting priorities among the industries to support depending on the value of their multiplier effect and import dependency level. The prior industries list, made on the basis of this criterion, includes machine-tool construction, chemical industry, military-industrial complex, etc. We introduce a medium-term forecast for socio-economic development of Russia in 2015-2017. In this forecast we analyze not only the consequences of the conservative anti-crisis plan introduced by the government, but also outcomes of a more active budget and monetary policy measures. The model calculations show that active government support is likely to prevent dramatic fall in GDP and investment level and to maintain employment. Currency regulation measures and limitation of natural monopolies' tariffs are considered to be instruments for leveling the negative consequences in the form of ruble devaluation and prices growth.
Keywords: economic crisis, macroeconomic forecast, anti-crisis plan.
SECTION II. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
DETERMINANTS OF REGIONAL MIGRATION FLOWS FROM FORMER SOVIET REPUBLICS TO RUSSIA
M.M. Yormirzoev, Ph.D. in Economics, Associate Professor in the Department of Economics and Finance
E-mail: mmermirzoev@hse.ru
Department of Economics and Finance, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Perm, 614000, Russia, 27 Lebedeva Street.
The dissolution of the Soviet Union two decades ago created a new migration situation in the region. Although former Soviet republics develop independently, the region remains a common area for the vast majority of population. The post-Soviet movement of people is facilitated by shared transportation and communication systems, a regionally recognized language (Russian), education systems, complementary labor markets, and similar mentalities and behavior patterns. Russia is an important place of destination for regional migration. This may be attributed to notable income differentiation between former Soviet republics and Russia. Relevant changes of demographic profile in both directions also predict and reflect the patterns and flows of regional movement of people. This paper is aimed at analyzing and identifying factors affecting regional migration flows to Russia. The gravity model, being a key empirical tool, has been utilized in the paper. The research approach to the topic of interest remains interdisciplinary as it incorporates both economic and non-economic factors of migration patterns. The key finding of the paper is that the level of income in source countries and population in places of origin and destination are influential for migration. Socio-cultural factors which reflect a common historical background remain significant in all estimations.
Keywords: regional migration flows; post-soviet countries; gravity equation.
Yormirzoev M.M. Determinants of regional migration flows from former soviet republics to Russia
SECTION III. REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL ECONOMY
THE EMERGENCE OF POLYCENTRIC STRUCTURES AND THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION IN THE MODERN ECONOMY1
O.V. Nikulina, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Kuban State University,
E-mail: olgafinans@mail.ru
350040, Russia, Krasnodar, Stavropolskayast., 149.
Y.A. Yegorov, Ph.D. Economics, Researcher, University of Vienna, Austria,
E-mail: yury.egorov@univie.ac.at
1090 Vienna, Oskar-Morgenstern-square, 1.
The purpose of the paper is to develop a model revealing consumer preferences towards cities of different sizes, which can explain the emergence and optimality of polycentric urban structures in the modern economy. The paper provides microeconomic foundations for the existence of polycentric urban structures on the basis of consumer preferences. It is shown that clusters of smaller urban centers can sometimes give higher utility than a large urban center. The model is based on generalization of a central business district model and takes into account not only the distance of commuting, but also its convenience. Some examples of polycentric urban structures of different topology are provided. It is proposed to apply the model of polycentric structure to form innovative clusters in the regions. Innovation clusters are formed on the basis of the existing specialization as a result of integration interaction of the innovative process participants. A polycentric structures model allows for formation of innovative clusters in regions when integration of the cluster members around the scientific core allows them to use the innovative potential more effectively and provides an opportunity to save on transaction costs.
Key words: polycentric structures, economic utility, optimization, innovative cluster.
Nikulina O.V., Yegorov Y.A. The emergence of polycentric structures and their practical application
PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP AS A FACTOR OF BALANCED REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Yulia V. Dubrovskaya, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of Economics and Finance
E-mail: uliadubrov@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29 Komsomolskyprospect, Perm, 614990, Russia,
Renata V. Gubaydullina, Postgraduate Student in the Department of Economics and Finance
E-mail: renata.gubaydullina@gmail.com
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29 Komsomolskyprospect, Perm, 614990, Russia
Achieving equilibrium in socio-economic development of regions is of undisputed importance today. Therefore, our research investigates the issues of regional development on the basis of balancing regional budgets, which directly depends on the quality of implementation of regional government debt policy. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the policy should be estimated not so much by the level of the national debt growth characteristics and debt service outgoing, as by comparison of holding augmentation in the period considered with the investment cost of the public finance sector. It is very important to realize the long-term consequences of the given proportions in order to foster the possibility of the territory’s economic growth. The main target of the research is to work out theoretical issues and practical recommendations in the sphere of territorial budgets equilibrium achievement on the base of public-private partnership development. Thus, we used such general scientific methods as analysis, comparison, scientific abstraction, and modelling. The analysis of statistical data has been carried out by means of correlation and regression analysis methods in“Statistica” program. As a result of studying regional budgeting in the Russian Federation, analyzing parameters of Perm Krai’s budget in detail, as well as modelling possible ways of its development for a long-term period, we have made a conclusion about the necessity of public-private partnership development as the basis for budget equilibrium and sustainable regional economy growth. These procedures are able to increase the efficiency of investing with borrowed funds, which, as our study shows, stay beyond the limits of debt policy today.
Key words: public-private partnership, balanced region development, state investment, territorial budgets.
INTEGRATION OF FISHERY BUSINESS STRUCTURES INTO THE REGION'S ECONOMY: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
Olga V. Korneyko, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of International Business and Finance
E-mail: olga30300@mail.ru
Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service; 41, Gogol st., Vladivostok, 690014, Russia
Development of global economy is manifested primarily through increasing intensity of the integration process. The scientific background of this issue have been studied and developed by many generations of foreign and Russian scientists. The subject of scientific debate refers to the theories which reflect the real motives of business structures planning integration, and there are still a lot of issues to discuss. It is established that the main reason for the instability of fishery business structures in PrimorskyKrai is the disregard of systemic nature of the industy. In order to solve this problem, the article considers the main types and causes of strategic alliances. We suggest possible options for the development of integration processes. A fishery association with a closed cycle "production - processing - realization" and an economic cluster can be considered as the most promising of them. The single production process management system, which was destroyed in the 1990s, could be revived by means of creating integrated technological processes through the entire production path. The cluster is targeting simplification of access to new technologies, risk-sharing, management and sharing of knowledge and fixed capital, as well as staff competence growth through coaching and increasing opportunities for professional experience exchange. Thus, we propose a model of competitive territorial fishery cluster. The given ways of integration development in fishery could become the major tool in the industry growth so that they could deliver benefits through the whole innovation process. Moreover, unification of economic structures via associations could develop coordination within the industry and improve its management, as well as it could give focus and foster competitiveness for the whole economy of PrimorskyKrai.
Key words: cooperation, integration, fishery business structures, region.
MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE OIL REFINING INDUSTRY IN RUSSIA
Matvei N. Adushev, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Economics, Management and Information Technology
E-mail: matvei_nikolaevich@mail.ru
Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, branch; 6, Kooperativnayast., Artem, 692760, Russia
These days, the Russian oil refining industry is in a state of "depression". Since the early 2000s the state hasn’t been able to resolve the problems of low depth of oil refining, lack of refining capacity and nonconformity of oil products’ quality to European standards. Over the past 15 years the state has made alterations to the tax laws twice, aiming at fostering deep oil refining. That was in early 2005 and in October 2011, but the problem remains. Its resolution is supposed to increase the gross domestic product and the amount of the state budget, reduce petrol shortage in certain regions (e.g., in the Far East) and create new working positions. The purpose of the research is to study the economic methods of increasing the depth of oil refining, improving quality of oil products and increasing refining capacity. In order to identify the methods for resolving the current problems, we have evaluated the tax burden on oil companies producing coke and oil products, as well as the influence of excise and custom duties on the volume and structure of the oil refining and export of oil products. According to the research results, some proposals have been made, concerning changing the strategy of tax policy in the oil refining industry, which is supposed to be focused on the implementation of technical regulations on fuel Euro 6.
Keywords: oil, oil products, oil refining, oil refining depth, tax burden, excise duties, export duties, investments.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF SMALL BUSINESS IN TYUMEN OBLAST
Muhabbat M. Makhmudova, Candidate of Pedagogic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of Commodity Markets Economics
E-mail: mushkam@inbox.ru
Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, 38, Volodarskogost., Tyumen, 625000, Russia
Anna М. Koroleva, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Commodity Markets Economics
E-mail: annalitik@mail.ru
Tyumen State Oil and Gas University; 38, Volodarskogost., Tyumen, 625000, Russia
These days, a developed economic system of any level increasingly relies on its small business sector, which allows for resolving serious problems of economic and social nature. The purpose of this study is to determine the source of increasing small business functioning efficiency in Tyumen Oblast. The article outlines the criteria used to identify a company as a small business according to the Russian legislation. The difference between the concepts of "microenterprises" and "small enterprises“ is defined. The work considers the peculiarities of business practices of small enterprises under modern conditions, their positive impact on the state of the economic system of the federal, regional and local levels is shown. The dynamics of indicators of small business development in the regions of Ural Federal District is presented. The article analyzes statistical data concerning the state of small business for the period 2010-2013 and dynamics of the number of small enterprises. Special attention is paid to the sectoral structure of the small business of Tyumen Oblast. The peculiarities of distribution of employees working for small enterprises in different industries are considered, the dynamics of wages in the small business sector is analyzed. In the research the authors used general scientific methods. A retrospective analysis of the main indicators of the small business state in Tyumen Oblast was conducted on the basis of scientific abstraction. The expert evaluation method (Delphi technique) and the method of data comparison were used. The dynamics and structure of the main indicators characterizing the current trends in the development and functioning of the small business sector in the regional economy were described via graphical interpretation of the data and the method of data grouping. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the identification and study of the characteristics of small business functioning in Ural Federal District for the purpose of development of effective measures to support small business entities in the region.
Basing on the analysis of the main statistical indicators of small enterprises activities, the authors formulated conclusions about the current trends in business and investment activity of small business of Tyumen Oblast.
Keywords: small business, microenterprises, support for small subjects entities, employment of population, investment activity.
APPLICATION OF THE SCENARIO METHOD FOR FORECASTING PERM HOUSING MARKET
Margarita Y. Molchanova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Head of the Department of Finance, Credit and Exchange Business
E-mail: Molchanova@econ.psu.ru
Реrm State University, 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Anastasia V. Pechenkina, project manager
E-mail: Pechenkina@kamdolina.ru
JSC “KD GROUP”; 45b, Stakhanovskayast., Perm, 614066, Russia
Over the last years Russian real estate market has become more developed, shaped and balanced. Thus, it is possible not only to explore it, but also to make a forecast. All real estate market participants from simple consumers to professionals are interested in obtaining adequate information about future development of the market. According to experts, there are over a hundred methods of forecasting. In this connection, there emerges a problem of choice of methods which could be the most adequate. A scenario method is supposed to be the most useful in the situation of high uncertainty. Therefore, we show the application of the method and forecast the average prices, volume of housing construction in operation and realization volume at Perm housing market for the years 2014 - 2017. Four scenarios are presented: three alternatives of Perm housing market development according to three macroeconomic scenarios (optimistic, moderate and pessimistic), and one more scenario (crisis), inserted because of the decline in national economy. Due to the fact of political risk increase at the end of 2014, the pessimistic scenario tends to become the most probable. This scenario assumes that average real estate prices in Perm will slightly fall within the next 1 - 1,5 years and then will continue to fluctuate in lower price range, while the volume of housing construction in operation will grow very slowly. It is necessary to adjust the forecast at least once a year. At the end of the article we assess the advantages and disadvantages of the used method and the direction of its further development.
Keywords: real estate market, housing market, forecasting methods, economic development scenarios, macroeconomic indicators, real estate market indicators, average price, volume of housing construction in operation, volume of real estate realization, scenario probability.
SECTION IV.ENTERPRISE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF REPORTING ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
T.V. Alferova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Management
E-mail: Talferova@pief.ru
Perm Institute of Economics and Finance, 614068, Perm, Ekaterininskaya St., 141
E.A. Tretiakova, Doctor of Economics, Professor of Economics and Finance Chair
E-mail: E.A.T.pnrpu@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 614990, Perm, Komsomolsky prospect, 29
The practice of applying non-financial reporting by Russian companies has a relatively short history but the number of companies entering into the process, is constantly increasing. Since the quality reports can not do without analytical data interpretation, tracking dynamics of achieving the goals, response to the wishes of the parties concerned the methods and tools for making these reports must be chosen carefully. These criteria are developed by such different official and public organizations as World Bank, UNO, European Commission, World Wildlife Fund etc. Furthermore, this issue is being an object of many research works, but they generally tend to reflect the state of economic, environmental and social spheres of life in a static state. However, sustainable development is essentially a dynamic process, therefore, it requires development of a system of dynamic indicators which will take into account not only the balanced state of environmental, economic and social spheres, in a particular period of time, but also help to reflect the positive changes through the development process. We consider such dynamics indicators as growth rates of key performance indicators of enterprises as the most appropriate for this approach; they are grouped in three areas: social, economic and environmental. This dynamic model represents a procedure for the relative arrangement of indicators, the observance of which in a long time prospective will allow to assess the level of enterprise progress on the path of sustainable development. A distinctive feature of the proposed system is the possibility of measuring instruments to reflect the changes in each of the areas of sustainable development, as well as their interrelation in terms of balance and emerging imbalances.
Keywords: sustainable development, sustainability reporting standards, GRI, the measurement of sustainable development indicators to measure sustainable development.
Alferova T.V., Tretiakova E.A. Quality assessment of reporting on sustainable development of industrial enterprises
METHODS AND MODELS OF ASSESSMENT OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE AS A SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM
Yuri K. Persky, Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Management and Marketing
E-mail: ukphome@gmail.com
Valery V. Lepikhin, Assistant lecturer of the Department of Economics and Finance
E-mail: v-pstu@yandex.ru
Elena V. Semenova, postgraduate student the Department of Management and Marketing
E-mail: elenaa.semenovaa@gmail.com
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 29, Komsomolsky prospect, Perm, 614990, Russia
Industrial enterprises are reviewed in the issue on the basis of the three theoretical and methodological approaches: system-analytical approach, hierarchical approach and approach based on the concept of sustainable development. An attempt to develop an algorithm for the evaluation of the enterprise as a sustainable system on the basis of the identified approaches is taken. The basis for the assessment of the industrial enterprise as a sustainable system consists of three subsystems: economic, environmental and social ones. Indicators to obtain quantitative characteristics of the studied processes and rely on the data of the state statistics are proposed. In the framework of a hierarchical approach four levels of hierarchy are considered: first one is the set of stationary sources of the territory, the second level is a set of extractive and manufacturing industries; the third level is the level of the manufacturing industries in whole, the fourth one is the level of enterprises of specific activity (on the example of 13 kinds of manufacturing activities in Perm region). From the point of view of the sustainable development concept an attempt to study the social and economic performance through the prism of the industrial production ecologization is undertaken. Description of the algorithm for evaluation of the integral indicator of the enterprise sustainable development elaborated by the authors, which includes six main stages, is given. The values of the integral indices in accordance with kinds of economic activities within the manufacturing production allow building the typological range of industrial enterprises sustainable development of the region with consideration of the peculiarities of the manufacturing technologies. It gives the opportunity to combine industrial enterprises in the cluster, characterizing the type of sustainable development: high, medium or low ones, which will ensure the management of industrial systems at each level of the administrative hierarchy: national, regional and local levels or the level of the enterprise.
Keywords: algorithm, evaluation, sustainable development, enterprise, integrated index, hierarchy, technological range.
EVA
LUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRATEGIC INVESTMENT PROJECTS OF OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION COMPANIES
BayandinaVitalia A., Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of Finance, Credit and Exchange Business
E-mail: v.bayandina@mail.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukirevast., Perm, 614990, Russia
Voronin Dmitry M., Postgraduate Student,
E-mail: voronin.d@outlook.com
Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 29, Moskovskayast., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
Dynamically changing macroeconomic situation, particularities of oil and gas projects, as well as long-term planning horizons impose certain restrictions on the use of traditional tools of economic evaluation of investment projects for energy companies’ managers as part of investment planning management. However, traditional approaches to assessing the cost-effectiveness used by energy companies can be adapted for using in accordance with emerging demands, and they can also be used in situations with considerable uncertainty while taking into account industry-specific evaluation of strategic projects. In this case, the cost-effectiveness of strategic planning of a company increases. The research proposes a mechanism of increasing the growth of a company’s financial potential. The mechanism is relevant to the complexity of the evaluated project, and is based on the assessment of feasibility of the implementation of investment projects with different levels of risk. Thus, for resolving theoretical and applied issues, we used scientific methods of research, including methods of logical, comparative, systematic, statistical and financial analysis, as well as methods of economic and mathematical modeling. We state the scientific novelty of the research as the development of the cost-effectiveness evaluation theory and its implementation in oil and gas mining sphere. The paper describes the approaches to the reasonable managerial decision-making about the participation in investment projects, which allow for measuring the degree of risk of a particular project, making comparison of the degree of risk of different projects, as well as conducting stress tests on the basis of financial and economic model. The proposed approaches to the evaluation of investment projects of hydrocarbon exploration and production by energy companies show their efficiency under uncertainty of high and medium degree. The considered mechanism could help the companies revise the existing approaches to the management of investment activity, to switch to the risk-based principles of investment evaluation and streamline work process of their investment units.
Keywords: company management, oil and gas companies, economic evaluation, economic feasibility, Monte Carlo, decision tree, strategic projects, investment project.
STAFF MOTIVATION SYSTEMS AS A TOOL OF CORPORATE PLANNING IN INNOVATIVE COMPANIES IN EARLY DEVELOPMENT PHASES
Gaponova O.S., Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in the Department of General and Strategic Management
E-mail: nta11@mail.ru
National Research University Higher School of Economics – Nizhny Novgorod; 136, Rodionovast., Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia
The relevance of the research results from the urgent need to understand the specificity of labor motivation systems as a tool of corporate planning, forming in innovative companies in early phases of their development. The article contains theoretical justification for the problem under consideration, including analysis of conceptual apparatus for the investigated subjects and classification of the main methods of motivation concerning the development of stimulation system for a startup members. The article also contains a presentation of empirical research conducted by the author through questioning the founders and the staff of 50 startups and innovative project teams, who presented their projects at the XI Russian Fair "The Russian capital for Russian innovations". The author analyzed the motivation systems used in modern Russian innovative startups, namely, the main ways to motivate staff, the level of employees’ satisfaction with applied methods, staff preferences in choosing the ways of stimulation. On the one hand, on the basis of the experimental study it was concluded that the issues of employee motivation in innovative companies in early phases of their development include the basic principles of personnel management. On the other hand, in the case of young companies, there is a number of features, such as: segmentation of wages into fixed and variable components, the latter depending on the personal contribution of each employee to innovative development of the organization; using indirect methods of financial motivation; influence of founders’ personal culture on entrepreneurial culture of their staff and on staff's commitment to the business idea; participation of employees in a company's results. All this together suggests the need for using combined payment schemes based on employees’ contribution to innovative activities.
Keywords: features of a motivation system, corporate planning, innovative companies, project launch teams, startups.
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY. SECOND ISSUE. 2015
SECTION I. ECONOMIC THEORY
ECONOMIC THEORY OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Oleg S. Sukharev, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: o_sukharev@list.ru
Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 32, Nakhimovsky av., Moscow, 117218, Russia
The article proposes principles of industrial policy, basing on the analysis of the experience of its implementation in the Soviet period, and also introduces the aggregate criterion for a large-scale economic system restructuring, with application to the problem of industrialization of the economy. The types of strategies for changing structural proportions of the economic system are defined. The conditions for industrialization and deindustrialization are obtained for the originally resource-based and industrial system in the simplest aggregate form, and also depending on the structure of production while using old and new technologies, and can further be complicated by inputting constraints on the process and constraint management. The economic growth rate is determined for the economic system consisting of mining, processing and transaction sectors. The content of the principle of “2D” (deindustrialization and deskilling), as well as the principle of “2A” (adequacy and adaptability), necessary for implementation of the economic strategy, is exposed. In addition, a logical sequence for the development of an industrialization strategy is proposed, which will ensure implementation of the principle of “2A” in planning practice. The theoretical conditions of industrialization and nine industrialization strategies that arise for a resource-based economic system (industrialization is possible in a purely industrial economic system) actually form the framework for modern economic theory of industrialization, which, along with the theory of factors of production location, will form the intellectual basis for the study of the process of industrialization of economic systems and technological changes (general adaptability of the system).
Key words: economic system, restructuring, aggregate criterion, strategies of industrialization of economy.
THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Olga I. Bogdanovich, Leading Specialist in Innovation and Applied Work
E-mail: ischenko_olga1608@mail.ru
Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry; 132, Lermontov st., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
Anatoliy S. Merkulov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: terehova@aport.ru
Irkutsk National Research Technical University; 83, Lermontov st., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
Vitaliy L. Ruposov, Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: ruposov@istu.edu
Irkutsk National Research Technical University; 83, Lermontov st., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
Historical development of the university in different socio-economic conditions is discussed in order to determine the role of this institution in modern society. Functions of the university in pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial societies have been studied on the basis of descriptive analysis. Sophistication of scientific and educational activities of the university depends on changes in productive forces and production relations in society. At every step of the university’s development the role of intelligence grows, knowledge serves as the main productive force and demand for the results of intellectual activity increases. Features of the university in different socio-economic conditions are shown. In modern conditions a higher education institution becomes an independent economic entity, industrialization of education takes place. Commercialization becomes another feature of the university in post-industrial society. The university begins to pursue commercial objectives, consequently there is an urgent need for competent management and organization of sale of products of higher education institutions, which include professionals, knowledge, developments. Development of the university’s entrepreneurial activity is a prerequisite for its effective functioning, which entails changes in the university’s tasks. The university tends to stimulate entrepreneurial activities of its departments and employees by means of creation of innovation infrastructure, dependence of employees’ wages on the volume of extra-budgetary funds raised due to business activities, development of entrepreneurial culture. As an economic entity the university must function effectively under risk and dynamic demand conditions, respond to changes in preferences of its potential consumers in a flexible way. This can be achieved by forging close cooperation with industry and innovation infrastructure elements.
Key words: university, commercialization, post-industrial society, innovation process, result of intellectual activity, university’s entrepreneurial activity, economic entity.
INNOVATION AS A FACTOR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Elena V. Shilova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: elena-7700@mail.ru
Perm Institute of Economics and Finance; 141, Ekaterininskaya st., Perm, 614068, Russia
Active transition of the international community to the innovative type of economy, in which the main share of gross domestic product is provided by production and sale of high technology products, causes the emergence of interest in sustainable development of the state, regions and enterprises through innovation. The article explains the concept and essence of economic, ecological and social innovation, ensuring sustainable development of socio-economic systems. The focus of the article is on the necessity to address the problem of sustainable development on the basis of innovation activity of the systems through introducing basic and improving innovation. Furthermore, the study considers three levels of sustainable development: sustainable development of the state, sustainable regional development and sustainable development of enterprises. Sustainable development of the state is influenced by innovation activity of regions, whose sustainable development is provided by innovative organizations/enterprises. Sustainable development of organizations/enterprises, in its turn, depends on their innovation activity and activity of staff. At each level innovation allows for addressing the problems of this level. The article also shows the effects of the development, introduction and application of economic, environmental and social innovation at different levels. The increase in the number of environmental issues, the economic impact of natural and man-made disasters, the problems of social sphere, the rapid reduction of natural resources necessitates advanced development of some specific areas of scientific and technological research and development (“clean” energetics, biotechnology, genomic medicine, new technologies in agriculture, environment-friendly materials, green innovations, etc.). To answer these challenges, Russia needs to provide deeper integration into the global innovation system, increase the intensity of introduction of scientific research and foster innovation activity of organizations/enterprises.
Key words: innovation, sustainable development, levels of sustainable development, environmental innovation, economic innovation, social innovation.
SECTION II. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
MODELING ECONOMIC GROWTH OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES BY MEANS OF PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS ON THE BASIS OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICS OF INTERACTION OF SOCIAL GROUPS
Vladimir D. Matveenko, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Head of the Department of Economics
E-mail: vmatveenko@hse.ru
National Research University Higher School of Economics (St. Petersburg); 55/2, Sedova st., St. Petersburg, 193171, Russia
Nicolas N. Olenev, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics, Senior Researcher
E-mail: nolenev@ccas.ru
Dorodnicyn Computing Center of RAS; 40, Vavilova st., Moscow, 119333, Russia
Anatoly V. Shatrov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Head of the Department of Mathematical Modeling in Economics
E-mail: avshatrov1@yandex.ru
Vyatka State University; 36, Moskovskaya st., Kirov, 610000, Russia
Basing on the theory of endogenous growth, we provide a possible explanation of differences in the development of national economies of the world and their reaction to the global economic crises. Earlier an approach to modeling of the choice of technologies in various countries was proposed (Matveenko, 2007, 2010). Technological progress is modeled as a change of parameter of the Cobb-Douglas production function or of the CES production function. The parameter has both technological and institutional meaning for the economy, in particular, for the Cobb-Douglas function it is the capital share. Recently, a big difference in capital share in different countries and in different times has been found empirically by several authors. The choice of the parameter naturally depends on the interests of the social groups: the workers and the capital owners; each group agrees to a change of the parameter α if it leads to income increase for this group. Thus, it is possible to identify the areas of coincidence and non-coincidence of interests of the social groups on the plane α-k, where k is the capital-to-labor ratio. Using the UNSTATS statistical data, we build the graphs of parametric dependencies α-k for the economies of the USA, Japan, Russia, China and Iran for the period of 2000 – 2010. The graphs clearly identify the sub-period of the crises by changes in the area of coincidence/non-coincidence of interests. A specific behavior of the integral characteristic for the area of non-coincidence of interests of the social groups in Russia and China is noted, which differs radically from the situation in the USA.
Key words: modeling, economic growth, production function, dynamics of interaction of social groups.
Matveenko V.D., Olenev N.N., Shatrov A.V. Modeling economic growth of different countries by means of production functions on the basis of comparative analysis of dynamics of interaction of social groups
MODELING PATTERNS OF THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM AND RECREATION
Natalya V. Frolova, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor,
E-mail: nvf_psu@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Andrey N. Pakharev, Specialist (2nd category),
E-mail: paharev@prognoz.ru
JSC “PROGNOZ”; 54b, Stakhanovskaya st., Perm, 614000, Russia
Matvei S. Oborin, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor,
E-mail: recreachin@rambler.ru
Perm Institute of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics; 57, Gagarina st., Perm, 614000, Russia
Structural analysis of the factors that influence development of tourism and recreation is quite an essential task, which is performed in order to identify the key factors that are most related to the development of a regional system on the whole. We used the methods of graph theory, structural analysis, path analysis, and econometric modeling. Basing on the official statistics, the opportunities of tourism and recreational activities in the Perm Region and innovations in this area were analyzed, as well as the main trends on the tourism market in the region. To analyze the development of the resort activity, as well as tourism in general, and to assess the cost-effectiveness of this type of activity, quantitative research methods, such as methods for constructing coherent information structures, a wide range of methods of econometric modeling, methods of mapping taxonomy, etc. were analyzed. A graph model was designed to identify the key factors that have the greatest influence on the development of tourism, as well as recreational activity in general. Basing on the model which determines the development of a system supporting decision-making in the field of tourism and recreation, it is possible to study the structures that are responsible for the development of the region in terms of tourism and recreation, in order to determine the stability of tourism economy and strategic planning. The system being designed involves encapsulation of an econometric model (simultaneous equations system) which is isomorphic to the graph. This approach allows the end user (analyst) to avoid the need to calculate the systems of simultaneous equations. Therefore, in this case the analyst will have to construct a graph, each node of which corresponds to a particular index, and perform subsequent analysis of the data obtained, avoiding the need to construct and resolve a system of simultaneous equations. The suggested software environment can be used by management structures of territorial entities and businesses for strategic planning and decision-making management in the field of tourism and recreation.
Key words: structural analysis, graph model, simultaneous equations system, decision-making support system, path analysis, factors that influence the development of tourism and recreation economy of the region.
COMMERCIAL BANK LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT
Alexander V. Korekov, postgraduate
E-mail: av.korekov@gmail.com
Perm State University, 614990, Perm, Bukireva street, 15
Bank liquidity management and optimal resource allocation of commercial bank Nostro accounts balances receive much less attention from the scientists compared to the questions on capital structure, funding, credit risk analysis and stress testing. Optimal liquidity management is a way to lower bank costs and risks, which are going to increase over time, especially when money markets are dry of free funds. There are two sides of the issue to be analyzed. The optimal resource allocation and corresponding accounts balances optimization are the first points to be considered. Then we should look at the process as a problem of liquidity requirements. In this article we formulate the procedure of optimal resource allocation up to a one-year horizon. The first part of the research is a one-month optimization: efficiency function and the related constraints of the corresponding accounts. The next step deals with the liquidity requirements (N3 and NSFR) restrictions, and balance sheet aggregation, and its influence on the liquidity requirements. With this in mind we develop inequations to specify long-term liquidity deficit. Finally, we create a consolidated mathematic model of optimal liquidity management up to a one-year horizon. In addition, we look at an alternative of short-term funding with premium to market to smoothen non-planned funds outflow.
Keywords: bank liquidity, short-term modelling, liquidity requirements, costs minimization, financing.
Korekov A.V. Commercial bank liquidity management
SECTION III. REGIONAL ECONOMY
DEVELOPING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN PERM KRAI UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF RUSSIA’S MEMBERSHIP IN THE WTO
Alexandr N. Pytkin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Perm Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences
E-mail: PUTKIN@permonline.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm Branch); 13, Lenin st., Perm, 614000, Russia
Valery A. Suhih, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Chairman of the Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai
E-mail: support@zsperm.ru
Legislative Assembly of Perm Krai; 51, Lenin st., Perm, 614000, Russia
Anna A. Urasova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: annaalexandrowna@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614017, Russia
The article considers the peculiarities of the development of Perm Krai’s industry in terms of Russia's membership in the WTO, the formation of new principles of regional industrial policies, and the priorities in sectoral development of the region. The aim of the study was to identify the specifics of modern (considering the WTO factor) development of regional industrial complex of Perm Krai. Branch analysis (in order to identify the features of development of single branches and sectors of the industry and to assess their competitiveness) and factor analysis (to identify the relationship between Russia's accession to the WTO and industrial development at the regional level) were the methodological basis for the study. As the result, the authors identified the branches affected by the WTO factor. Furthermore, it was proposed to create additional competitive advantages of the regional industry, which can minimize potential negative trends related to Russia's WTO membership. In addition, the authors identified the main trends in the economic development of Perm Krai considering the WTO factor. The authors made conclusions regarding the prospects of development of the regional economy and regional industrial policy on the whole, particularly, the need to create certain conditions for the development of competitive regional industry, which could effectively develop while integrated into the global technological environment, basing on innovation and natural resource potential of Perm Krai. The authors proposed some measures to reduce the influence of the WTO factor by retargeting a number of industries to domestic markets, introducing new competitive capacities and taking additional measures of state support.
Key words: industries, competitive model of economy, industry’s competitiveness, disproportion of branch development, regional industrial policy.
REGULATION OF THE NON-PROFIT SECTOR OF A REGION’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM
Natalia P. Pazdnikova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Аssociate Professor
E-mail: pazdnikovan@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article considers the issues of introduction of methods of financial management to the practice of public authorities and non-profit organizations. The main idea of the article is to show the existing methods of regulation of the activity of the “the third sector”, and also possible ways of increasing their productivity for the purpose of resolving fundamental problems of socio-economic development in a regional aspect. The article considers legal, system and structural approaches to the formation and management of public resources of a territory. The sources of financial security of NPO are defined, traditional and new sources that have an essential impact on financial security of non-profit organizations are divided into groups. Analysis of the markets of the “third sector” entities at the federal and regional levels is performed. Through the example of a real autonomous non-commercial organization, assessment of efficiency of endowment establishment is carried out. The author suggests a hypothesis that financial resources used by non-profit organizations create a necessary basis for financial security of their activity, however, they are insufficient for proper functioning and development, which affects the state of socio-economic system of a region in general. Considering the aforementioned, the approach of increasing the productivity of a “third sector” entity based on establishing endowment, which performs a stimulating function of stabilizing regional socio-economic systems, is proposed. Implementation of the approaches considered allows for identifying problems, features, and the level of development of single endowment-organizations, and also for calculating productivity of their activity, which influences socio-economic development of a region in general. The main conclusions show that today regulation of the non-profit sector of a region’s socio-economic system demands using new, better mechanisms, one of which is endowment.
Key words: region, socio-economic system, regulation, non-profit organization, endowment, effectiveness, financial security, fund.
POSSIBILITIES OF RUSSIA’S ECONOMY INDUSTRIALIZATION IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN REGIONAL POLICY
Natalia V. Spasskaya, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: spasskayanv12@mail.ru
Oryol State University, 95, Komsomolskaya st., 302001, Oryol, Russia
The aim of the work is to study the current state and prospects of socio-economic development of regions of the Russian Federation with regard to their industrial specialization and identify the possibilities for a new wave of industrialization using the data obtained. A rating of Russia’s regions built on the basis of multi-factor ranking serves as the basis for the analysis. The study was performed on the basis of objective official statistics, with applying a grouping method for typologization of Russian regions. At the first stage of the study, a rating of Russian regions was built based on three indicators: GRP per capita; investment into fixed assets per capita; per capita income. At the second stage, grouping of Russian regions by industry sector, based on data of Russian federal State Statistics Service on the structure of GRP by type of economic activity, was applied to the resulting rating. The calculations performed allowed us to rank socio-economic development of Russia’s regions in the context of their industrial specialization. The analysis of this rating showed that they are the regions with a large share of extractive industries in the structure of GRP that have the highest socio-economic development indicators, which casts doubt on the possibility of industrial development of the Russian economy. The results of the study can be used in the development of programs of socio-economic development of Russian regions, and also as an information base for studying processes of regional development and conditions of interregional space differentiation. The findings indicate the need for development of a concept or strategy of Russia’s regional development focused on improving the efficiency of production structures, which has not been formulated yet.
Key words: industrial policy, rating of Russian regions, industrial specialization of regional economies, concept (strategy) of industrial development.
OIL AND GAS COMPLEXES AND CLUSTERS: IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING
Galina V. Kutergina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: gkutergina@psu.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Olga G. Ivanova, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: ol.ivanova.55@mail.ru
Perm State Humanitarian-Pedagogical University; 24, Sibirskaya st., Perm, 614000, Russia
The necessity to identify and organize regional monitoring of industrial complexes and clusters is based on their strategically significant role in regional development. Legal documents and scientific publications do not properly cover the methods for identifying cluster members, as well as for assessing the effectiveness of cluster policy. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of fiscal support for complexes (territorial-production complex, TPC) and clusters, along with application of econometric models, it is necessary to develop more accurate methods of assessing the role of TPC and clusters in the economic development of the region on the basis of accounting and statistical reporting. This article dwells upon the problems of this segment. The analysis of such concepts as cluster and territorial-production complex serves as a basis for the study of various forms of inter-economic interactions through the example of oil and gas industry in the Perm Region. This analysis also justifies the conclusion regarding the absence of competition in the areas of oil and gas, as well as in production of petroleum products, and the presence of oil and gas complex in the Perm region. The article contains the results of analytical work on arranging the oil and gas complex in the Perm region and assessment of its impact on the value added in 2008-2013; it also provides information on generalization of limitations of official statistics in the area of inter-firm connections evaluation, and gives the basis for the necessity of using a generalizing indicator of gross value added in the model of analysis and evaluation of oil and gas complexes and clusters. The article suggests introducing additional fields in the Unified State Register of Enterprises and Organizations in order to obtain the results of TPC and clusters activity quicker than before. The article also validates the necessity of legal regulations of the access of municipal and regional authorities and management to statistical reporting of companies that significantly affect the indicators of socio-economic development of the territory.
Key words: identification of an industrial cluster, regional oil cluster, oil complex, territorial-production complex, regional monitoring, statistics, regional management, added value.
Kutergina G.V., Ivanova O.G. Oil and gas complexes and clusters: identification and monitoring
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM AND REGION’S COMPETITIVENESS: ASSESSMENT METHODS (THROUGH THE EXAMPLE OF THE REGIONS OF VOLGA FEDERAL DISTRICT)
Polina A. Sukhanova, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: Polina-suh@yandex.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article considers the most urgent issues of regional development connected with the formation of a regional innovation system and competitiveness of regional development. A structure of the integral index of a regional innovation system including clusters is proposed, though they have not been traditionally included into the system. The author analyzes various approaches to the component structure of a regional innovation system and proposes their own system of its components and indicators. In addition to the indicators related to the production and dissemination of knowledge, the indicator of cluster potential is proposed. Clusters are included into the regional innovation system as centers of formation of a region’s competitive advantages. The concept of a region’s competitiveness is studied in the article from the standpoint of innovation development. The author proposes their own approach to assess the competitiveness of regions via the integral index of competitiveness, which reflects the social and external-economic development, as well as institutional and innovation advantages of the territory. The hypothesis about the correlation between regional innovation systems and a region’s competitiveness is tested in the article through calculating the integral index by simple average method based on the normalized base values. The test of the hypothesis is performed for the data obtained in 14 regions of Volga Federal district. The results of calculations of the integral index of the regional innovation system and competitiveness are listed in pivot tables, and clearly confirm the assumption about the existence of a correlation between a regional innovation system and competitiveness. In the conclusion some recommendations are made regarding complex approach to improving regional competitiveness, which should imply development of regional innovation system.
Key words: regional innovation system (RIS), region’s competitiveness, development indicator, indicator of result, indicator of effectiveness, cluster potential, competitiveness index.
ANALYSIS OF MIGRATION FLOWS IN THE PERM REGION IN THE PRESENCE OF ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
Svetlana P. Stanishevskaya, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: stan@psu.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Irina N. Yakupova, Postgraduate, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: yakupova-in@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Global trends indicate that human capital is becoming the main factor in the development of countries and regions. In the future, those regions that will be able to attract skilled and well-paid labor force and to retain working-age population, will develop most intensively. Migration processes (first of all, labor migration), have a great influence on the stability of regional development. They immediately respond to economic, political and social changes in society. At the same time, they have a significant influence on population size, its sex and age structure, national structure, as well as living standards and quality of life. This article analyzes migration processes characteristic of the Perm Region. The net migration rate dynamics from 2000 to 2013 is analyzed in comparison with the data of neighboring regions, it is revealed that until 2012 the Perm region had a negative migration balance. The structure of labor emigrants and immigrants is analyzed by level of education and region of migration. It is concluded that they are primarily mobile and most qualified people who leave, while people arriving mainly apply for low-skilled jobs. The article identifies a number of reasons for this situation, including the presence asymmetric information on the regional labor market. Because of imperfect information, labor market participants take nonoptimal economic decisions, make serious mistakes in the justification of incomes, wages and employment policy. The authors suggest some measures to improve migration policy in the region. Benchmarking, data grouping and desk research methods have been used in the study.
Key words: migration, regional economy, labor market, asymmetric information.
SECTION IV. ENTERPRISE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNAL MARKET OF RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES
Olga V. Troshina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: Olga_proff@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Tatyana N. Batalova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: tanab@psu.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article considers the issues of the formation, functioning and prospects of development of internal market of Russian companies. The process is studied from the historical point of view. It is stated that occurrence of certain elements of enterprises’ internal market is connected with the development of intracompany cost accounting. A brief description of cost accounting as a company management method is given. The concept of an enterprise’s internal market is formulated. Analysis of targets and principles of organization of intracompany cost accounting and enterprises’ internal market is performed. Implementation of principles of intracompany cost accounting while arranging an enterprise’s internal market within the market economy is established. It is noted that the application of the principles of organizing cost accounting while arranging internal market does not contribute to improving the company’s competitiveness in general, since it does not produce a synergizing effect. Considering the aforementioned, the problems that prevent the use of internal market by Russian companies as the way of increasing competitiveness of internal structural units and the company as a whole are revealed and described. It is suggested to resolve the existing problems using a project approach while arranging enterprises’ internal market. The idea is to develop an enterprise’s internal market as a project of the company’s restructuring, which mainly affects the organizational structure. The basic principles of the project approach are provided.
Key words: intracompany cost accounting, enterprise’s internal market, competition, competitiveness, effectiveness, synergism, project approach.
Tribute to Yuriy Kalmanovich Persky
The editors of the scientific journal «Perm University Herald. Economy» with deep sorrow informs that on 6 March 2015, on the 79th year died a member of the editorial board, an outstanding scientist and a wonderful person, the founder of scientific school of hierarchical (inter-layer) analysis in Russia, Honored Worker of Higher School of Russia, Doctor of economic Sciences, Professor Yuriy Perskiy.
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY. THIRD ISSUE. 2015
SECTION I. ECONOMIC THEORY
ESTABLISHING DEPENDENCE OF “SUPERCYCLES” AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOMESTIC SOCIOECONOMIC MODEL
Nadezhda A. Tolstobrova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: tolstobrova@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, Russia
Maria Yu. Osipova, Assistant
E-mail: osipova.mu@mail.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Danil A. Tolstobrov, Master’s Student
E-mail: 2told@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky av., Perm, 614990, Russia
Under the conditions of exacerbation of the crisis, problems of managing cyclic development of the Russian socioeconomic system are gaining special importance as it is necessary not only to level various crisis tendencies, but also to foster accelerated transition of the system to a new stage of development. The article presents the results of research into the conditions of formation of the resource-based model of economic development in Russia, as well as the problems of the economic environment, which has had an impact on the formation and crisis state of the domestic socioeconomic model of development. Basing on the theoretical and methodological analysis conducted, “supercycles” are defined as an undulatory process of industrialization in large countries causing increase in demand for raw materials. The authors’ model of the nature of a modern supercycle is presented, which allows for predicting the main tendencies in the development of technical and economic processes. Dependence of Russia’s participation in the international division of labour on foreign policy factors is substantiated within a historical context. The problems of efficiency of the state participation in economy under the conditions of operation of agreements on production sharing and formation of the anti-crisis programme are considered. It is shown that preservation of the adverse regularity in placement of factors of production and income from them is of stable nature, and in the age of globalization this relation is only becoming stronger. Therefore, for the purposes of economic security, import substitution policy comes to the fore. Introduction of preferences to the practice of profit taxation for the development of production cooperation on the basis of accounting branch profitability is suggested among the key actions. The authors confirm that there is influence of global economic environment on the choice of a country’s model of socioeconomic development. The phenomenon of “resource curse” has to be realized at earlier stages of the development of a society’s socioeconomic model in the developing countries, which play the role of resource suppliers in the international division of labour, lag behind in technological development, have a weak position within international organizations, have no opportunity to influence economic environment and whose financial and currency dependence on the developed countries is rather high.
Keywords: economic environment, industrialization, countries of the OPEC and Russia, supercycles, production sharing agreement, oil and gas complex, reindustrialization, resource curse, socioeconomic model.
Tolstobrova N. A., Osipova M. Y., Tolstobrov D. A.Establishing dependence
INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC POLICY METHODOLOGICAL BASES ON THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF THE STATE
Anton V. Sharkov, Assistant
E-mail: darkdoctor47@yandex.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The problem of the participation of modern states in a certain regulation of national economies is debatable today. Most of the developed countries and international institutions now follow the neoliberal approach, which recognizes the leading role of free market in the regulation of economic relations. This approach synthesizes modern achievements of neoinstitutional and neoliberal economic theories. The main document comprising these is the so-called "Washington Consensus", whose provisions, in spite of the criticism, are continuing to influence policies of the developing countries in many respects. The paper analyses theories and concepts that constitute its base and eventually justify the world economic order formed. The author’s aim was to show that the methodological orientation, if distorts and simplifies economic reality in order to please a few countries and international institutions interested, can have serious consequences for social policy. It was shown that each of the economic theories being analysed, if taken as a starting point of reasoning, has a particular general idea of the human nature, human’s needs and mode of existence. Market fundamentalism persistently imposes to the world community an idea of a man as a homo economicus, which suggests a significant limitation of economic and social functions of the state. Today there is a risk of destruction of the most important social institutions such as education, health care, social security, which were created in the late XIX century with the active participation of the state. The failure of neoliberal policies was demonstrated during the reforms of the 1990s in Russia. Our country gave an extremely important lesson to the whole world community having proved that capitalism, if not limited by the law and not restricted by the state, becomes a source of deep social disruption. The current challenge is to recognize the failure of market economy as a substitute of the state social functions and to arrange economic order so that the conditions for free development of human capabilities are created. The paper could be interesting for the representatives of public authorities, politicians, researchers and students studying history of economic thought.
Keywords: state, essence of the human, social function, social justice, globalization, Washington Consensus, neoliberalism, market fundamentalism.
SECTION II. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
ON THE QUESTION OF MODELLING TIME SERIES TRENDS
Yury L. Koshkin, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: koshyuri@gmail.com
Anatoly V. Shatrov, Doctor of Mathematics and Physics, Professor, Head of the Department of Mathematical Modelling in Economics
E-mail: avshatrov1@yandex.ru
Vyatka State University; 36, Moskovskaya st., Kirov, 610000, Russia
The paper presents the analysis of modern methods of modelling time series trends. In economy and other spheres of scientific and practical activity we see objects of our interest developing over time. In order to model these objects, econometric methods and presentation of initial and resulting data in the form of time series are usually used. At present there is a great number of methods of time series modelling. Many of the methods, developed for solving specific problems, are not universal. Very often researchers use dynamic decomposition of time series into several components. Commonly a trend component, a cyclical component and a random component are singled out. In this paper the first method (method of weighted tangents - MWT) involves decomposition into the trend and cyclical components. The second method does not involve decomposition containing a cyclical component. Instead, the method of phase trends (MPT) uses the concept of "phases", which can be found in the initial form of time series. Application of the phase trends method allows for performing a piecewise approximation of time series. Modern methods are not aimed at work with short time series as some part of statistical data is lost in the preliminary smoothing. The MWT can be applied for short time series in case there is at least one cycle. Many methods do not consider development of time series over time (evolution). That is why the authors suggest using the MPT, which in many cases gives results that are not inferior in quality compared to complicated modern methods.
Keywords: time series, trend, cyclical component, additive model, prediction.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS AN EFFECTIVE SIGNAL OF FOOD SAFETY: THE RESULTS OF ECONOMIC AND MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
Marina V. Sheina, Candidate of Physics and Mathematics Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: msheina@hse.ru
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Perm; 27, Lebedeva Street, Perm, 614070, Russia
The question of whether the strategy of undertaking corporate social responsibility (CSR) policy is an effective signal of a high level of food safety is considered in this paper. Despite the existence of some state mechanisms aimed at solving the lemon problem, the presence of a great number of fake and adulterated food on Russian food markets show that it has not been solved yet. Specificity of food (its experimental and trusting qualities) makes it impossible to evaluate the qualitative characteristics of food before it is purchased by customers. The analysis was based on Bertrand model with a differentiated product. Theoretic and game modelling resulted in articulation of the conditions for "desired" Nash equilibrium, where CSR policy is implemented by the companies producing safer food. The comparison of possible Nash equilibriums has lead us to the conclusion that the efficiency of CSR strategy as a quality signal is determined by the control and support of the manufacturers provided by the state and by the number of "responsible" health-conscientious customers. "Desired" Nash equilibrium may be reached without "responsible" customers, but with a high level of state support towards "honest" companies with a positive CSR record. This means that the weakness or lack of state mechanisms to support or encourage the manufactures, a small share of health-conscientious customers, their low activity in monitoring safety level when choosing food are among the factors determining the low activity of manufacturers in CSR policy implementation.
Key words: corporate social responsibility, signalling, food safety, differentiated product, Bertrand model.
SheinaM. V.Corporate social responsibility as an effective signal of food safety
SECTION III. REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL ECONOMY
GENESIS AND SYSTEMATIZATION OF THE RESULTS OF INTRODUCING LEAN PRODUCTION INTO VARIOUS SECTORS OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Elena S. Balashova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Leading Research Fellow
E-mail: elenabalashova@mail.ru
Elizaveta A. Gromova, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: lizaveta-90@yandex.ru
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University; 29, Polytechnicheskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 195251, Russia
The article gives analysis of the implementation of lean production, one of the basic models of resource management, in the context of the current unstable economic situation in Russia, occurring due to the geopolitical situation in the world. The concept of lean production is defined. The origin of introducing lean production into different sectors of the Russian economy is considered. The period when foreign companies entered Russian market is analysed. Lean production functioning is considered through the examples of such industrial enterprises as the automobile plant LLC OJSC KAMAZ, Engels instrument-making association "Signal", state corporation ROSATOM, RUSAL company, GAZ group, CJSC "Aviastar-SP", holding company "Solnechnye produkty", OJSC "EnSer", Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia, Volkswagen Group Rus, CJSC Ford Motor Company in Vsevolozhsk. Illustrations of lean production implementation in the service sector are given through the examples of such large companies as OJSC "Sberbank", OJSC "Russian Railways" (particularly, one of its branches –“Privolzhskaya railway”), FSUE "Russian Post". Geographical distribution of enterprises practising lean production is analysed. The most typical results of lean production implementation at enterprises of various sectors of the economy are described. The "human factor" is regarded as one of the main problems in the implementation of the concept of lean production at enterprises of various sectors of the national economy. The possible solution to this problem is suggested. The conclusionis made that it is extremely important to manage an enterprise’s internal reserves effectively. Strategic enterprise management based on the optimal allocation of internal resources is the key factor of success.
Keywords: resource management, lean production, economic crisis, cost reduction, kaizen, human factor, industrial enterprise.
MANAGEMENT OF ONE-INDUSTRY TOWNS DEVELOPMENT: RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN MODELLING APPROACHES
Galina V. Kutergina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: gkutergina@psu.ru
Aleksandr V. Lapin, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: transecon@yandex.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The paper considers some approaches to definition of the concept of a one-industry town, as well as to management of one-industry towns development. It provides an analytical overview of current application of economic-mathematical modelling tools and development of programmes (strategies) for socioeconomic development of one-industry towns in Russia and other countries. It is discovered that there are the following basic methods of economic-mathematical modelling of one-industry towns development in Russia and abroad: regression analysis, analytic hierarchy process, linear programming, cluster analysis and others. Regression analysis and analytic hierarchy process are applied when determining integrated indices of a one-industry town’s investment attractiveness, measuring level of a town’s depressiveness and life quality. Cluster analysis is used for one-industry towns identification. Linear programming (optimum allocation) is applied for solving migration and employment tasks. Purpose-oriented programme management is commonly practised for one-industry towns development in Russia and abroad. Following the results of the research, the authors state the main problems of the existing methodological approaches, directions of the support for one-industry towns development, recommendations for application of international experience in Russia, particularly for development of a national programme of restructurisation of one-industry towns, based on the state strategy of development and application of basic economic-mathematical modelling methods.
Keywords: one-industry town, company town, management of one-industry town development, spatial development, economic-mathematical modelling, region, regional governance, infrastructure development, socioeconomic development strategy, one-industry town development modelling.
SECTION IV. ENTERPRISE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT
OPTIONS-BASED THINKING IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT OF AN EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION COMPANY
Vitalia A. Bayandina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: v.bayandina@mail.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Dmitry M. Voronin, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: voronin.d@outlook.com
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 29, Moskovskaya st., Ekaterinburg, 620014, Russia
The practice of evaluating economic efficiency of projects in exploration and production companies is often based on the traditional and rather conservative approaches, therefore, administrative decisions taken on the basis of the results of such evaluation are not always economically optimal and justified. The paper provides an overview of current approaches to the evaluation, taking into account the effect of active project management. The flexibility and adaptability of project management create an additional cost, which can be assessed using the methodology of real options. The process of improving a management mechanism in terms of organising efficient work with projects is closely connected with the methodological support for the process, so the paper discusses and proposes approaches to integrate options-based thinking into management mechanisms with reference to evaluation of individual investment projects of exploration and production companies. The proposed approaches, revealing the essence of the options-based approach to management, are considered through the example of a real business-case of acquisition of a new subsurface site with no strict geological information about. When solving theoretical and applied problems, general scientific research methods were used, including the methods of logical, comparative, systemic, statistical and financial analysis, and also methods of economic-mathematical modelling. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of practical application of modern methods of assessment of real options in conjunction with the specific operating conditions of oil and gas companies, as well as the specifics of development projects. Moreover, it is shown how revision and updating of the existing procedures and methods can become the key factor of a company’s strategic advantage.
Keywords: real options, investment, strategic management, NPV, geological exploration, oil production.
EVALUATION OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF MANAGING AN ENTERPRISE
Anastasiya I. Khisamova, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: aimaks2007@yandex.ru
Perm Institute of Economics and Finance; 98 a, Kuybysheva st., Perm, 614010, Russia
In the difficult economic conditions and changing internal and external environment, companies tend to develop and maintain their competitiveness. Thus, a special role is given to an organizational-economic management mechanism, which allows for achieving goals in a given period of time and with the optimal use of resources. In this regard, each economic agent needs to evaluate the organizational-economic management mechanism and reveal reserves for its improvement. In the process of evaluation two concepts are dealt with. These are "performance" and "efficiency". Performance reflects to what extent the results are achieved. Efficiency correlates the result with the resources invested. These concepts have a sharp distinction and close interrelations. The efficiency and performance of the management mechanism are complex and multifaceted categories, which reflect the features of many phenomena and factors. Currently, there are a variety of approaches to the evaluation of the management mechanism, but all of them require further improvement. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of a methodological approach to the evaluation of the organizational-economic mechanism of managing an enterprise. The paper presents a methodology based on the evaluation of two criteria: a stage of the life cycle of managerial business processes and fulfillment of the plan on the company’s targets during the reporting period. As a result of evaluation, three levels of performance of the organizational-economic management mechanism can be identified: high, medium and low. The methodology presented has been tested. According to the evaluation, the company under testing has an average level of performance of the organizational-economic management mechanism. Following the results of the analysis, the directions of the management mechanism development have been defined.
Keywords: management mechanism, organizational-economic mechanism, managerial business processes, life cycle stage, technoeconomic indicators, efficiency of the management mechanism, performance of the management mechanism.
DEVELOPMENT of THE MODEL OF AN enterprise’s transportATION costs optimiZation based on the concept of Architecture of integrated information systems (ARIS)
Alla V. Pahomova, Candidate of Economic Sciences
Ramila R. Bashirzade, Postgraduate
E-mail: ramila_b@mail.ru
Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov; 77, Politehnicheskaya, Saratov, 410054, Russia
The economic crisis exacerbates the problem of efficiency of transportation services for consumers, which can be seen in the increasing share of delivery costs. A weighty reason for that is insufficient information support for the process of coordinating the activity of supply chains participants while taking decisions on logistics at the both micro- and meso-levels. As a result, the dates of providing enterprises with the necessary resources are not kept, sales and financial results decline. The model proposed by the authors can be used by enterprises of different industries in order to optimise transportation costs. Scientific substantiation is given for the new approach to forming an optimisation model of transportation costs of an enterprise based on the concept of architecture of integrated information systems (ARIS). The core of this model is information support for the process of planning and analysing transport support for material and cocurrent flows in accordance with customers’ requirements, based on the use of the tool «logistic structure of the process of rendering transportation services» proposed by the authors. Development of the process model requires a set of procedures, including a set of methods whose application will make it possible to validate decisions on the formation of stages of the logistic system resource delivery management taking into account customers’ requirements. These methods include: monitoring, integration of functions within the organization, planning of transportation. The novelty of the research consists in the formation of a model of a stage-by-stage process of carrying out service support for transportation on the basis of information and computer support being distinct due to the creation of integrated information space comprising a supply chain participants. This provides quick access to all types of data appearing and accumulating in the system from any workstation. Application of the tool proposed allows for accurate calculation of the package of transportation services according to a customer's request, interaction of the functional units, as well as a motor transport enterprise and a client, and reduction of transportation services cost for customers. The guidelines for the creation of a logistic structure of the process of providing transportation services and their information support make it possible to: create integrated information space for interaction of the functional units and motor transport enterprises with the external environment; clearly allocate responsibilities among the participants of the process of providing transportation services; provide control over goods traffic on a real-time basis. The proposed model can be used by enterprises of different economic sectors in order to optimise transportation costs.
Keywords: optimisation of business processes, transportation costs, integrated information systems, logistic approach, modelling, efficiency.
DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS OF CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT IN A CORPORATE STRUCTURE
Maria R. Gylmiarova, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: buh-gmr@yandex.ru
Pskov State University; 2, Lenina st., Pskov, 180000, Russia
In today’s economy, corporate forms of business are gaining importance due to their advantages. In this research issues of achieving high results of a corporate structure’s activity through effective cash flow management are presented as urgent ones, which is confirmed by studies of many Russian and foreign authors, as cash flows are the link of all spheres of activity of an economic entity. The main techniques of achieving effective cash flow management at an enterprise are considered along with a special method for groups of companies. Meanwhile, their indiscriminate use in a corporate structure may turn out to be ineffectual. The main aim of the research is to develop methods of cash flow management in a corporate structure allowing for increasing net cash flow. This criterion, used for evaluation of the financial standing of a corporate structure, characterizes the difference between cash inflow and outflow and makes it possible to determine the company’s financial equilibrium. Such scientific methods as analysis, comparison, scientific abstraction, modelling were used in order to achieve this aim. Implementation of the methods of cash flow management suggested in the research involves 6 stages. Description of each stage is presented in detail. Application of the suggested methods (with the necessary modifications and changes) will help to improve the efficiency of cash flow management. The effect of cash flow management will manifest itself in net cash flow of a corporate structure on the whole, including both extensive index (due to the effect from the range of activity of the group of companies), and intensive index (due to introduction of cash flow management system to the group of companies).
Keywords: cash flow, corporate structure, accounting and analytical subsystem, model, methods of management.
AUTOMATION OF THE ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATIONS
Oksana N. Kiseleva, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Management Consulting Department
E-mail: oksana@briik.ru
Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov; 77, Polytechnicheskaya st., Saratov, 410054, Russia
Limited Liability Company «Business Solutions Innovation Investments Quality»; 11/15, Shelkovichnaya st., Saratov, 410017, Russia
The issue of enhancing competitive advantage is gaining increasing importance in connection with the toughening of the external conditions of functioning of domestic enterprises. The enterprise management system, responsible for the speed of reaction to changes, is one of the most important components of competitiveness. The author proposes using management innovations as the tool of improving efficiency of the management system. Management innovations are understood as changes in processes and management practices aimed to ensure their compliance with the modern requirements. Creation of regulations on managerial business processes, formation of new management reporting forms, optimisation of the management structure can be considered as management innovations, aimed at improving the management system. Currently one of the important directions of increasing efficiency of the management system is its automation. However, insufficient study of the stages of the automation process can lead to undesirable results. The article proposes solutions for successful implementation of the enterprise management system in the form of management innovations. First, a new approach to the management system automation based on the synergy of advantages of the existing approaches is suggested. The variant of an information system, which does not require significant investment of resources, is proposed as the second solution. The third solution is establishment of interaction between the components of the information system, specified in technical specifications of the project. Thus, being management innovations, these solutions will ensure achievement of the goals of the process of the management system automation, which, in turn, will help to ensure efficiency of the enterprise management system.
Keywords: competitiveness, management system, management decision, management innovations, automation, technical specifications, management accounting, accounting.
FORECASTING AN ENTERPRISE’S INSOLVENCY RISK UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Elena V. Shirinkina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: shirinkina86@yandex.ru
Surgut State University; 1, Lenina st., Surgut, 628412, Russia
Economic literature analysis has shown that there is currently no uniform approach to systematization of methods of forecasting the risk of insolvency, which means that there is not any objective understanding of the tools that can be used to monitor this risk. In this regard scientific and practical search for representative indicators for the formalization of the insolvency forecasting model is very important. The purpose of the research is to improve the conceptual apparatus and analytical procedures for the identification of insolvency risk. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks have set: to determine the nature of insolvency risk and its identification in the process of financial relations within a management system; to justify representativeness of the indicators in predicting insolvency risk; to form the insolvency risk forecasting model. Theoretical and practical provisions by national and foreign researchers investigating the problem under study have become the scientific and methodological bases of the research. We used general scientific methods of systemic and comparative analysis, economic-statistical and dynamic analysis of economic processes and phenomena. Scientific novelty of the results of this study consists in justification of the insolvency risk forecasting model. As for the practical significance of the research, it consists in the development of theoretical foundations for solving the issues that arise while diagnosing insolvent enterprises, as well as in the application of the results obtained in the practical activities of the bodies of the institution of bankruptcy. The model presented makes it possible to predict an enterprise’s insolvency risk basing on the general trend of development and the corridor of bankruptcy risk fluctuation. This model also allows us to determine the significance of each index factor, its quantitative impact, and doing so to avoid the insolvency risk of an enterprise.
Keywords: risk, insolvency, forecasting, bankruptcy, crisis, diagnostics.
SECTION V. CURRENT ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
APPLICATION OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT ASSERTIONS IN THE PROCESS OF DETECTING AND ASSESSING AUDIT RISK
Alla A. Vasilenko, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: allvasilenko@yandex.ru
Rostov State University of Economics; 69, B. Sadovaya st., Rostov-on-Don, 344002, Russia
In the context of the unstable economic development the requirements applied to reliability of financial reporting are growing steadily. From an auditor’s perspective it means that the problem of minimizing audit risk, which can be solved both at the level of financial reporting and the level of its assertions, is becoming more vital. The article provides an overview of different approaches to understanding such definitions as «risk of essential misstatement of financial reporting» and «financial statement assertions», which are presented in regulatory and economic literature. As a result, various aspects referring to the research into the methodological problem concerning application of financial statement assertions in auditing in association with the methodological problem of studying essential misstatements risks are summarized, the necessity for such research is explained. The analysis of international and Russian auditing standards has revealed stable interrelation of auditing procedures, risk of essential misstatement and financial statement assertions. Substantial and complex approaches to the development and use of auditing procedures presuppose research on essential misstatement risk both at the level of financial statement and its assertions. Significant aspects of detecting and assessing essential misstatement risk are recommended to be considered at the level of financial statement assertions regardless of the stage of auditing. Beside that, correspondence between the issues of audit risk reduction and value of financial statement assertions in detecting and assessing audit risk is established. The interrelationships described in the article are implemented in the practice of auditing organizations in the process of development of audit documentation set for the various stages of auditing. It allows for structuring the process of planning and performing auditing procedures and minimizing audit risk basing on the requirements of the international auditing standards.
Keywords: audit, audit evidence, auditing procedures, methodological problems of auditing, financial statement assertions, risk of essential misstatement of financial reporting, auditing standards.
AN AUDITOR’S COMMUNICATION WITH THE CLIENT'S MANAGEMENT IN THE LANGUAGE OF INTERNATIONAL (ISA 260) AND RUSSIAN (FEDERAL RULE 22) STANDARDS ON AUDITING
Dmitry V. Orlov, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: orlov.dmitry@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Tatiana V. Koniaeva, Economist of the Planning and Economic Department
E-mail: tatyana576@mail.ru
JSC «STAR»; 140 a, Kuybysheva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The full understanding of the activity of an entity under audit and its environment is intended to provide high-quality auditing. At the same time, the need to understand the auditors’ activities by the entity’s management should also be admitted. The importance of an effective two-way communication is no longer questioned in the international practice of auditing, whereas the national legislation does not contain such a requirement. In the article the authors attempt to compare ISA 260 “Communication with those charged with governance”, regulating the process of mutual information exchange between the subjects of auditing, and its national analogue – Federal Rule of Auditing 22 “Providing information on the audit results to the audited entity’s management and owner’s representatives“. During the research the original text of the international standards in English was studied by the authors. Comparative analysis of the main points of the standards was conducted, risks caused by the lack of some requirements present in the international auditing standards, but not contained in the national standards were identified. The article provides recommendations for these risks reduction to the tolerable level. The results of the research show the necessity for improving the Federal Rule of Auditing 22. Within the process of Russia’s transition to international auditing standards this improvement will increase the local auditors’ understanding of international requirements. It is worth noting that such a profound comparison of international and national auditing standards has not been made by researches till now.
Keywords: International Standards on Auditing, communication with those charged with governance, effective two-way communication.
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PERM UNIVERSITY HERALD. ECONOMY. FOURTH ISSUE. 2015
TO THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE PERM STATE UNIVERSITY
ECONOMIC DYNAMICS MODELS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS, COMPUTER AIDED IMPLEMENTATION
Dmitriy L. Andrianov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Head of Department of Information Systems and Mathemat-ical Methods in Economics
E-mail: adl@prognoz.ru
Vyacheslav O. Arbuzov, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: arbuzov@prognoz.ru
Sergey V. Ivliev, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: ivliev@gmail.com
Vladimir P. Maksimov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor
E-mail: maksimov@econ.psu.ru
Pyotr M. Simonov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor
E-mail: simpm@mail.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
In the paper, a survey of theoretical and applied results obtained in the framework of the scientific school at the Department of Information Systems and Mathematical Methods in Economics, Perm State University, is given. It covers the period from 2008 to 2015. The theoretical results are based on the principal statements of the contemporary theory of functional differential equations worked out by the participants of the Perm Seminar under the leadership of Prof. N.V. Azbelev (1922–2006). The focus of attention is on problems of forecasting, boundary value problems (problems of attainability), control problems, and problems of stability for the dynamic models that allow one to take into account aftereffects and effects of impulse disturbances (shocks). For the mentioned problems, sufficient conditions of the solvability are obtained, methods of constructing program controls and the corresponding trajectories are proposed. Algorithms of the computer-assisted study of the control problems are worked out, including algorithms of correction for certain ill-posed problems. The applied results use the achievements of the theory and are implemented in the form of software tools for the study and solution of the real economy problems such as forecasting, control and stability analysis as applied to models of socio-economic development of the regions of the Russian Federation and the Russian Economy as a whole.
Keywords: economic dynamic models, forecasting problems, boundary value problems, control problems, information analytical systems, decision making systems, business intelligence systems.
SECTION I. ECONOMIC THEORY
APPLICATION OF THE «LIFECYCLE»CONCEPTTO THE PROCESS OF BECOMING AN ENTREPRENEUR
Gennady A. Gershanok, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: gager2@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Alexander F. Palkin, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: palkinu@gmail.com
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
The article is devoted to the history of the term entrepreneur. It covers the period from the economist Richard Cantillon to scientists of present days. A special place among the scientists is occupied by Joseph Alois Schumpeter, who stated that not only independent actors in the market system, but also all those who combine factors of production should be named entrepreneurs. The key characteristics of an entrepreneur are determined as follows: aiming for profit, innovative approach to searching for opportunities and implementation of ideas, taking risks and responsibility for their activity. The authors present their critical point of view on the formation of entrepreneurship in our country, suggest their own model concerning development of entrepreneurship, and structure the possible ways of this development. Comparison of different approaches to distinguishing the stages of an entrepreneur’s development is provided. The authors suggest their own definition of the lifecycle in terms of entrepreneurship. The stages of an enterprise’s lifecycle, the stages of an entrepreneur formation and development are given in juxtaposition of the ideas of different scientists. The authors give their own description of an entrepreneur’s lifecycle, which adds two new stages to the well-known models. One is the stage of decision-making, which goes prior to the initiation of the entrepreneurial activity. The other is the stage of termination of the activity, when an entrepreneur retires and stops participating in realization of business projects. The proposed description of the lifecycle characterizes the stages of an entrepreneur’s formation and development in detail, which can be useful while constructing various mechanisms and systems aimed at the development and support of entrepreneurship. Each stage of its development requires specific supportive measures, which should match the content of the business activity and the entrepreneur’s competences.
Keywords: entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial activity, lifecycle, development of entrepreneurship, innovation, behavioral aspect, stages of entrepreneurship, stages and cycles of development, business support.
SECTION II. ECONOMIC-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
INVESTMENT PLANNING OPTIMIZATION METHODS BASED ON NETWORK MODELING AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
Andrew F. Shorikov, Doctor of Physics and Mathematics, Professor
E-mail: afshorikov@mail.ru
Ural Federal University; 19, Mira st., Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
Yelena V. Butsenko, Candidate of Economic Sciences
E-mail: evl@usue.ru
Ural State University of Economics; 62, 8 Marta st., Ekaterinburg, 620144, Russia
In the current business environment investment planning is an essential process in the development of any economic entity. It is necessary to communicate its importance to managers, analysts, and investors, so that they could make appropriate managerial decisions. The article discusses the current issues regarding management of the investment planning process for economic entities. In order to solve the problem of optimizing such management, it is suggested to use network economic-mathematical modeling. Methods of network planning and management have long been known and used for complex systems. The idea of their new application, in particular for deterministic economic-mathematical modeling of investment planning, provides the novelty and scientific hypothesis of this paper. The proposed method is based on the formation of a network economic-mathematical model that includes all the stages of works relating to investment planning. Such network model serves as the basis for creating a schedule graph of implementation of the set of works and calculation of parameters to optimize the network model of the investment planning process. The method is illustrated by a detailed practical example, which demonstrates the necessity of calculating not only time, but also cost indicators of an investment project. Food service industry is chosen for application of this model since large amount of small business investment is connected with this sphere. The practical example given in the article describes in detail the whole process of establishing a restaurant business, from its concept to its opening. Thus, the results obtained and conclusions made show that the proposed use of network modeling as a tool for solving problems of managing the investment planning process contributes to efficiency and increases competitive advantage of the economic entity.
Keywords: optimization; management; investment planning; network model; economic-mathematical modeling; restaurant business.
THE AGGREGATE PRODUCTION FUNCTION FOR THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY (WITH PROGRESS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CONSIDERED)
Mikhail I. Grebnev, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: grebnevm@prognoz.ru
Реrm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article discusses the issue of aggregating production functions as models of production processes at the regional and national levels of the Russian economy. The problem of aggregation was first formulated in the 1940s in the academic journal Econometrica, but it still remains unsolved. This problem is a part of a broader research area studying «bridges» between micro and macroeconomics. The article develops a statistical method of production functions aggregation, offered by Perm school of hierarchical analysis of economy, and is aimed at adapting this method for the Russian economy. A modification of the method for the case of unequal allocation of resources among the elements of the economy is proposed. Estimates of the parameters of the «investment» Cobb-Douglas production function for all Russia’s regions, obtained on the basis of the «PROGNOZ. SBSP SER» software, are presented. The aggregate production function for the Russian economy is constructed on the basis of the regional production functions. Progress in science and technology is taken into account as a factor of the production function. It was found that the resulting production function provides more accurate forecasts compared with the traditional macroeconomic Cobb-Douglas production function. Basing on the aggregate production function, Russia’s GDP for 2015 is calculated, forecast for 2016–2018 is made, and production processes are analyzed as follows: elasticity coefficients with respect to production factors, marginal rate of substitution and elasticity of substitution are calculated. According to the baseline scenario of the forecast obtained for Russia, in 2015 economic contraction by 2,6% is expected, in 2016-2018 the economy will start recovering, its growth rate for this period is expected to be 2-2,5% per year.
Keywords: production function, statistical aggregation method, regional and national economy.
SECTION III. REGIONAL ECONOMY
DETERMINATION OF KEY FOCUS AREAS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC POLICYON THE BASIS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMETRIC MODELING AND FORECASTING
E-mail: mirolubov@list.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
Ekaterina N. Voronchikhina, Postgraduate Student
E-mail: envoronchihina@economy.permkrai.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article considers the correlation between the concepts “economic growth” and “economic development, including the complex dialectical relationship between them. The evolution of approaches to the consideration of economic growth is presented, the most important aspects and theories of economic growth are outlined. One of the key indicators of economic growth at the regional level is the value of the produced gross regional product. As part of the research, analysis of the gross regional product dynamics factors is conducted. These factors include consumer spending, investment in fixed capital, expenditures of the Perm region’s consolidated budget, volume of exports, average monthly nominal wage. Basing on econometric modeling, the authors identify some specifications that comply with the provisions of economic theory and contain statistically significant factors. Necessary conditions for the model’s reliability and efficiency of the obtained estimates of the econometric models coefficients are verified. These are the absence of multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation in the residuals of the model. The proposed regression model can be used for medium-term forecasting of the Perm region’s gross regional product. Regional economic growth is mostly provided by such factors as investment in fixed capital with a four-year lag and wages. The authors propose measures to activate consumer demand and attract investment, which will foster the gross regional product growth in the Perm region. The measures are proposed with due consideration of the factors that should become the focus of the local government’s attention. Gradual extension of social support for low-income families in the form of food subsidies can stimulate consumer demand. As for attracting investments, it is the use of accelerated depreciation of fixed assets that can be one of the measures.
Keywords: economic growth, economic development, economic policy, region, gross regional product, regression model, forecasting of economic growth.
THE MODEL OF A REGIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEM: NATIONAL AND FOREIGN APPROACHES
Polina A. Sukhanova, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: Polina-suh@yandex.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
The article covers the theoretical and methodological approaches to the assessment of regional innovation systems. Under the difficult economic conditions, the key factor for the development of regional economy is that of the regional innovation system (RIS). Despite the great interest to regional innovation development, there is still a number of topical issues regarding the structure of RIS, the methodology for its evaluation and analysis, mechanisms and tools of its development. National and foreign approaches to studying regional innovation systems differ significantly. Foreign studies are cluster-oriented and take into account the macro-context, the interaction of RIS and the external environment. Methods in works by Russian specialists evaluate regional innovation systems through innovative potential, innovative activity. The author specifies common features of the approaches, as well as their differences. The necessity to take into account the concept of triple helix innovation as a releaser for RIS is emphasized. The article analyzes the proximity of the goals and objectives of RIS and clusters, the relation between RIS and innovation infrastructure of universities. The main participants of RIS, their functions and distribution in subsystems are identified. The author suggests his own approach to the structure of RIS, which implies that the cluster potential, involvement into the world economy and socio-economic development of the region, to some extent, can be regarded as subsystems of RIS, and thus form its complexity. The structural model is presented by subsystems, interacting between each other and with the external environment, that describe the conditions and the process of generation, diffusion and use of new knowledge and technologies. Based on the complex approach, the model of a regional innovation system is proposed as a set of subsystems that describe the process of generation-transfer-commercialization diffusion of new knowledge and technologies. The model takes into account relations in the triple helix of innovation and interaction with and between subsystems of the region’s cluster potential, as well as involvement of the region into the world economy and socio-economic development of the region. The interaction between subsystems is a necessary condition for the existence of an innovation system. The interaction with the environment speeds up the circulation of knowledge flows within the system, which provides higher speed of innovations. In the proposed model regional specialization is represented through the cluster potential, which ensures the diffusion of new knowledge and technologies. The author's model of RIS can be taken as a basis for the development of a methodological approach to the assessment of RIS, its components and interactions. Evaluation of RIS is necessary to determine the organizational-economic mechanism for managing its development.
Keywords: regional innovation system (RIS), regional economic cluster, cluster-oriented approach, cluster potential, integrated approach, knowledge generation, dissemination and use of knowledge, triple helix of innovation concept, supporting subsystem.
EMPLOYMENT ELASTICITY IN RUSSIA’S REGIONAL LABOR MARKETS
Marina A. Giltman, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: giltman@rambler.ru
University of Tyumen; 10, Semakova st., Tyumen, 625002, Russia
Alexandra A. Votyakova, Master’s Student
E-mail: a.a.votyakova@gmail.com
University of Tyumen; 10, Semakova st., Tyumen, 625002, Russia
Employment elasticity is considered to be one of the main indicators of labor market flexibility. This indicator has been relatively low in Russia, which makes the difference between the Russian labor market and the rest of transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe. The reason for writing this article was the significant difference in economic development of Russian regions and the assumption that this could affect functioning of the regional labor markets. The theoretical basis for the research is provided by the equilibrium framework of local labor markets proposed by Rosen and Roback (1979, 1982) and supplemented by Moretti (2010, 2011), which explains why local labor markets are more flexible compared to the national one. Taking into account the fact that information on functioning of labor markets in Russian cities is not always available and that Russia’s economy is organized more like a regional economy rather than a local one, we applied the equilibrium framework to the data for Russian regions. We tested two hypotheses: dynamics of employment in the regions depends on the level of development of the regional economy and its structure; employment elasticity measured with respect to the gross regional product (GRP) is higher in Russian regions than the national average, in other words, regional labor markets are more flexible. The study comprised two stages. At the first stage we used the method of discriminant analysis (grouping method) based on median values of indicators; at the second stage we constructed and assessed an econometric model measuring the impact of particular factors on employment in the regions. The authors used data from Rosstat, the econometric analysis was conducted on the basis of regional panel data for the period from 2006 to 2012. The results allowed us to accept the abovementioned hypotheses. It was also found that changes in the structure of regional employment influence dynamics of employment in the regions more than changes in GRP and wages.
Keywords: employment; elasticity; regional labor markets.
INTERACTION BETWEEN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND EMPLOYERS: STUDYING THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PROCESS
Alexandr N. Pytkin, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Perm Branch of the Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences
E-mail: pfie@mail.ru
Institute of Economics of the Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm Branch);13, Lenina st., Perm, 614000, Russia
Vladislav I. Volkov, Senior Lecturer
Email: 89082761011@mail.ru
Perm Institute (Branch) of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics; 57, Gagarina bul., Perm, 614038, Russia
The article analyzes the system of professional education in Russia through the example of Perm region. The problems of the development of the region’s market of educational services are considered. The authors see the main problem of professional education in the fact that graduates do not meet the needs of the labor market, and consequently there is a low level of employment among young specialists. The assumption is made that the solution to this problem in Perm region can be found in the interaction between educational institutions and employers in terms of professional training. It is determined that to bridge the gap between the training process and employers’ needs, it is necessary to systematically conduct monitoring and forecasting of the situation on the labor market, including analysis of demographic shifts and the vocational educational system. Based on a survey of employers, the factors that influence the efficiency of the process of interaction between educational institutions and businesses in the region have been identified. The authors see the main factors as follows: the legislative framework that regulates the process of interaction of partners in the sphere of vocational education and the state control over this process; the need for cooperation arising among the participants of the interaction process; the socio-economic situation, reflecting the level of the region’s socio-economic development; scientific, technical and financial capacity of partners, which defines the financial activities and the quality of educational facilities used for theoretical and practical training of students so that they could acquire the competencies relevant to the specialty they are trained for. The article presents qualitative assessment of the factors and their impact on the process of interaction of the vocational educational system subjects.
Keywords: education, system, education market, labor market, problems, factors, educational institutions, students, employers, interaction.
HEALTH RESORT TREATMENT AS A FORM OF INVESTMENT IN HEALTH CAPITAL
Tatiana L. Lepikhina, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: l-pstu@inbox.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Yuliya V. Karpovich, Senior Lecturer
E-mail: karpushki@mail.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Matvey S. Oborin, Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: matvey_uk@rambler.ru
Perm Institute (Branch) of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics; 57, Gagarina bul., Perm, 614070, Russia
Relevance of the topic under consideration is connected with the necessity of studying indicators which characterize the state of the sanatorium-resort complex. This will allow for identifying the most problematic factors in decision-making when taking decisions concerning the complex’s development. The paper justifies the importance of health resort treatment as a factor of health capital, which contributes to increasing the effectiveness and duration of human capital’s functioning in general. The dynamics of indicators characterizing activities of sanatorium-resort institutions in the territories of the Russian Federation and the Volga Federal District, including Perm region, is evaluated. The following methodological principles were used in the course of research: the system principle, which helps to identify the most problematic indicators characterizing activities of the sanatorium-resort organizations, the principle of unity of methodology, theory and practice, allowing for accurate testing of theoretical hypotheses by means of correlation analysis of indicators. It is concluded that the abovementioned activities are effective in terms of the population’s general health but not effective in terms of specialized treatment. The authors also conducted analysis of the influence of income as a dominant factor on the demand for sanatorium-resort services. According to the analysis results, in Perm region there is a fairly high correlation between money income per capita and income of sanatorium institutions. The article also provides the results of studying duration of staying in sanatorium institutions, motives for acquiring health resort vouchers, and sources of funding such vouchers characteristic of Perm region. The evaluation allowed us to make an integral rating of the sanatorium complex of Perm region among the neighboring regions of the Volga Federal District. Besides, the article identifies some problems of the sanatorium-resort complex’s development, such as low profitability, poor profiling, and reduction in the number of patients.
Keywords: health capital, human capital, evaluation, sanatorium-resort complex of the region, efficiency.
SECTION IV. ENTERPRISE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT
ASSESSMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES’ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: ANALYSIS OF METHODS
Elena A. Tretyakovа, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor
E-mail: E.A.T.pnrpu@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Tatyana V. Alferova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor,Head of the Department of Management
E-mail: Talferova@pief.ru
Perm Institute of Economics and Finance; 141, Ekaterininskayast., Perm, 614068, Russia
Yulia I. Pukhovа, Master’sStudent
E-mail: malshakova.ylia@yandex.ru
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Successful functioning of an enterprise under market conditions is impossible without its sustainable development; formation of the mechanism of sustainable development requires a comprehensive assessment of the enterprise activity, identifying trends of its development and dynamics of the main indicators. Complex consideration of social, economic and environmental performance of companies has already become a recognized trend in science and practice. However, many problems of sustainable development remain beyond the bounds of research, and there is still a lack of consensus on some categories, such as «sustainability», «development», and many others. To date, there are also no common methodological tools for assessing sustainable development, which can be explained, first, by the complexity of the concept of sustainable development itself (economical, ecological, and social aspects), second, by the difference of views on the problem (from scientific to political), and third, by the nature of the problem being solved (its scale, purpose, object of study, etc.). This article is devoted to the analytical study of the current methodological approaches to assessment of industrial enterprises’ sustainable development. The authors examine the features, advantages and disadvantages of methods offered by today’s scientists. The results of this study extend theoretical approaches to formation and implementation of the assessment mechanism through combination of statistical and dynamic approaches. This complex approach will allow us not only to comprehensively assess the degree of sustainable development, but also to confirm or refute the results obtained using only either static or dynamic approach.
Keywords: sustainable development; industry; assessment of sustainable development.
SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF FINANCIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS IN CORPORATIONS
Vladimir N. Zhukov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: vn-zhukov@mail.ru
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics; 36, Stremyanny pereulok, Moscow, 117997, Russia
The article considers development of a conceptual form of scientific knowledge concerning system organization of internal control over corporate finance. This topic is particularly relevant as it affects the foundations of the whole theory of internal financial control. The objectives of the research are the following: 1) to propose and justify the integration concept of the corporate finance internal control system; 2) to reveal the content of each of the three principles of the integration concept - managerial, institutional, and cognitive; 3) to show the fundamental differences between the integration concept and other existing concepts; 4) to develop a conceptual model of the corporate finance internal control system; 5) to determine the promising areas of theoretical research in the field under study on the basis of the integration concept. The methodological basis of the study are dialectics, system analysis, synthesis. The proposed and justified integration concept provides the foundation for scientific research in the sphere of system organization of internal control over corporate finance or, in a figurative sense, provides a "staging post" on the way from the study of how internal financial control systems function in corporations to local theoretical generalizations. The integration concept appears to be an original (worldview) form of theoretical knowledge of corporate finance control systems. In contrast to other currently existing concepts, it provides a holistic approach to the problem under consideration and a deep penetration into the content of the generated control systems. The conceptual leap can be seen in consideration of the system control as a complex, three-pronged phenomenon (functions of management, an economic institution, the source of knowledge) actively influencing the state of corporate finance and regulating financial relations.
Keywords: corporation, corporate finance, internal financial control, internal financial control system, concept, integration concept of the internal control system, conceptual model of the internal control system.
GRANTING CREDITS FOR INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES: EFFICIENCY CONDITIONS
Anatoly V. Molodchik, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Management and Marketing
E-mail: perm062@gmail.com
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Valery P. Sevastyanov, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: texuniver@gmail.com
Perm National Research Polytechnic University; 29, Komsomolsky prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russia
Innovative development of enterprises and territories becomes possible when there are suitable financial resources. Here special importance is acquired by the infrastructure elements that ensure financing innovative programs at enterprises, particularly by commercial banks. This article aims at exploring the limits of economic expediency for banks and other financial institutions when crediting innovative activity of industrial enterprises. A special practice-oriented technique has been designed to determine economically expedient crediting volumes, which can be used by both banks and other financial institutions. The expediency criterion suggested for selecting the innovative projects worth crediting is profit increment requirement. The sum expected should exceed the loan received and the expenses for implementation of the innovative program at the enterprise. As for the advantages and novelty of the proposed technique, it allows for reducing analysis of the variety of parameters, which characterize both the innovation aspect and crediting options, to analyzing a set of core indicators. The accepted approach ensures conciseness of the technique. Using this technique, it is possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of a wide range of available options within a short time, which, in its turn, gives an opportunity to quickly select the crediting organization, meeting the demands of the lender and the borrower. In the long-term perspective the suggested technique lays the foundation for regulatory norms that could objectively formulate the bounds of economic expediency for crediting industrial enterprises’ innovative activity. Such normative parameters are advised to be inserted thereafter into the acts and statutes that should regulate functioning of industrial enterprises, as well as of all entities involved in providing financial support for innovation work at industrial enterprises.
Keywords: innovation; industrial enterprises; innovative infrastructure; modernization; crediting; loan; investments; recoupment; economic expediency.
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INCENTIVE SYSTEM: METHODS OF ASSESSMENT
Alexander V. Modorskiy, Head of the Department of Organization of Labor and Wages
E-mail: modorsky@list.ru,
Lukoil-Perm; 62, Lenina st., Perm, 614000, Russia
Galina G. Modorskaya, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor
E-mail: modorskay@psu.ru
Perm State University; 15, Bukireva st., Perm, 614990, Russia
In the article the authors propose their own methods of assessing effectiveness of incentive systems. The technique involves a four-stage analysis of such a system, which consists in successive conducting social research, studying expert opinion, calculating general and specific indicators to measure the incentive system effectiveness. The questionnaires used for the social research allow for finding out the employees’ opinion on the incentive system at their company. The research results are studied with the help of the SWOT-analysis. It is proposed to engage senior and middle managers in acting as experts. The article describes commonly applied general indicators of the incentive system effectiveness, such as «zarplatoemkost», «zarplatootdacha», and others. Main disadvantages of these indicators are also shown. In order to overcome these disadvantages, it is suggested to use specific indicators, including the integral index of effectiveness evaluation and the correlation index. By the «integral indicator» is meant a weighted average estimate of implementing key performance indicators (KPI) for a company’s department over a certain period divided by the bonus payment per employee (also calculated for this department for the corresponding period). The term «correlation index» refers to an indicator of the level of linear correlation between the weighted average estimate of KPI implementation for the department over a number of periods and bonus payment per employee for the corresponding periods, with regard to the ratio of wages earned by separate groups of workers. The article presents the process and results of testing the proposed methodology at an oil and gas company. The use of the authors' methods will make it possible to detect shortcomings in the functioning of incentive systems in time, and thus to prevent negative consequences as well as improve effectiveness of the incentive system at the enterprise.
Keywords: incentive system, performance indicators, assessment of incentives, remuneration, effectiveness of incentives, analysis of incentives, oil and gas companies.
SECTION V. CURRENT ISSUES OF ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
THE MODEL OF SOCIALLY ORIENTED ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING: ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENTS
Svetlana N. Petrenko, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Accounting
E-mail: Petrenko777@yandex.ru
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhayilo Tugan-Baranovsky; 31, Shchorsa st., Donetsk, 83050, Ukraine
Vladislav O. Bessarabov, Assistant
E-mail: bessarabov93@gmail.com
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after Mykhayilo Tugan-Baranovsky; 31, Shchorsa st., Donetsk, 83050, Ukraine
Economic development should ensure harmonious development of society as a whole and also an increasing level of social protection for the population. Effective development of any society requires achieving the highest possible level of the alignment of public interests. Under these conditions, there is an urgent need for the accounting that would take into consideration not only the financial but also social (environmental, labor) results of a company and would provide reliable and complete information. In this regard, the article is devoted to the study of anaccounting modeling process, which was taken as a basis for the formation of a socially oriented model of accounting. The article reveals how different scientists view the essence of modeling in accounting, from simulation of individual accounts to understanding modeling as an element of accounting. The model of socially oriented accounting proposed by the authors includes three components: organizational, technical and methodological. Detailed consideration is given to the implementation of the organizational components. The authors analyze several organizational models of socially oriented accounting, including their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the procedure of formation of indicators for financial and social reporting. The model of organizing socially oriented accounting and reporting that has been formed and described is based on creating a separate local area to incorporate the costs of socially responsible activities by means of analytical accounts. The study of the organizational components of the socially oriented accounting model predetermines the directions for further research, concerning the study of the model’s technical and methodological components.
Keywords: accounting modeling, socially oriented accounting, financial reporting, social (non-financial) reporting.
CRITIC
GAZPROM’S UNIQUE EXPERIENCE IN MANAGING MEGAPROJECTS
A review of the reference book for specialists “The System of Managing the Development and Implementation of Investment Projects and Programs in a Corporation and Its Subsidiaries” by A.G. Ananenkov, V.S. Reznichenko, L.S. Chugunov, N.N. Lenintsev
Sergey A. Vladimirov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural History, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor of the Department of General Management and Logistics of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration